1. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography
Chapter 7: Ethnicity
The Cultural Landscape:
An Introduction to Human Geography

2. Ethnicity
Ethnicity = share a cultural identity with people from the same homeland
Ethnicities have distinctive cultural traits
Race = people who share a biological ancestor

3. Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Distribution of ethnicities in the U.S.
Hispanics (Latinos) = 15% of U.S. population
African Americans = 13% of U.S. population
Asian Americans = 4% of U.S. population
American Indians = 1% of U.S. population

4. Distribution of Ethnicities in the U.S.
Figure 7-1 – 7-4

5. Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Concentration of ethnicities in U.S. cities
90% of African Americans & Hispanics live in cities
Evidence of 20thc. European migration on the landscape

6. Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles
Figure 7-5
Figure 7-6

7. Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
African American migration patterns
3 major migration patterns
Forced migration from Africa (18thc.)
Triangular slave trade
Immigration from South to North cities (early 20thc.)
Immigration from inner cities to other urban areas (late 20thc. to present)
The ghetto

8. Triangular Slave Pattern
Figure 7-8

9. African American Migration in the United States (Twentieth Century)
Figure 7-10

10. Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Differentiating ethnicity and race
Often confusing
Race = genetically shared traits
Racist

11. Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?
Race = genetically shared traits
Spatial effects of racism
“Separate but equal”
“White flight”
Blockbusting
Apartheid in S Africa

12. Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities?
Rise of nationalities
Nationality = identity between people who share a common allegiance to a country
Nation-state
Figure 7-15

13. Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities?
Rise of nationalities
Nationalism = loyalty and devotion to a nationality
Centripetal force = brings people together

14. Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into Nationalities?
Multinational states
Multiethnic state
State with multiple ethnic groups
Multinational state
State with multiple ethnic groups who retain their own distinctive national identity
Revival of ethnic identity

15. Ethnicities in Russia Multinational states Former Soviet Union Russia
15 Republics
5 Groups
Russia
39 nationalities
Figure 7-18

16. Why Do Ethnicities Clash?
Ethnic competition to dominate nationality
Ethnic competition in the Horn of Africa
Ethiopia & Eritrea
Sudan
Somalia
Figure 7-21

17. Why Do Ethnicities Clash?
Ethnic competition to dominate nationality
Ethnic competition in Lebanon
Religious & ethnic differences
Figure 7-23

18. Why Do Ethnicities Clash?
Dividing ethnicities among more than one state
Dividing ethnicities in S Asia
India & Pakistan
Sinhalese &Tamils in Sri Lanka
Figure 7-24

19. What Is Ethnic Cleansing?
More powerful ethnic group forcibly removes less powerful group from their territory
Ethnic cleansing in Europe
Largest forced migration = WWII

20. What Is Ethnic Cleansing?
Ethnic cleansing in Europe
Former Yugoslavia
Creation of multiethnic Yugoslavia
Breakup of Yugoslavia
Ethnic cleansing in Bosnia
Ethnic cleansing in Kosovo
Balkanization

21. What Is Ethnic Cleansing?
Ethnic cleansing in Africa
African boundaries don’t match ethnic groups
Conflict between Hutu & Tutsi
Rwanda
Democratic Republic of Congo

22. The End.