Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

מבנה מחשבים הרצאה 1 מבנה מחשבים Lecture 1 Course Introduction Yehuda Afek and Yossi Matias Slides from Randy H. Katz, and John Wawrzynek Berkeley.

Published by Modified over 9 years ago

Similar presentations

Presentation on theme: "מבנה מחשבים הרצאה 1 מבנה מחשבים Lecture 1 Course Introduction Yehuda Afek and Yossi Matias Slides from Randy H. Katz, and John Wawrzynek Berkeley."— Presentation transcript:

1 מבנה מחשבים הרצאה 1 מבנה מחשבים Lecture 1 Course Introduction Yehuda Afek and Yossi Matias Slides from Randy H. Katz, and John Wawrzynek Berkeley

2 הרצאה 1 שקף 2 Lecture Overview  Introduction : Computer Architecture  Administrative Matters  Engineering:  ממוליכים וחשמל ועד פעולות בינריות בסיסיות במחשב מתח חשמלי מוליכים סיליקון : מוליך למחצה טרנזיסטור פעולות בינריות ברכיבים אלקטרוניים

3 הרצאה 1 שקף 3 What is “Computer Architecture”? Computer Architecture =  Instruction Set Architecture +  Machine Organization + …  = הנדסה + ארכיטקטורה

4 הרצאה 1 שקף 4 Instruction Set Architecture (subset of Computer Architecture) “... the attributes of a [computing] system as seen by the programmer, i.e., the conceptual structure and functional behavior, as distinct from the organization of the data flows and controls the logic design, and the physical implementation.” – Amdahl, Blaaw, and Brooks, 1964SOFTWARE Organization of Programmable Storage Data Types & Data Structures: Encodings & Representations Instruction Set Instruction Formats Modes of Addressing and Accessing Data Items and Instructions Exceptional Conditions

5 הרצאה 1 שקף 5 Computer Architecture’s Changing Definition  1950s to 1960s Computer Architecture Course Computer Arithmetic  1970s to mid 1980s Computer Architecture Course Instruction Set Design, especially ISA appropriate for compilers  1990s Computer Architecture Course Design of CPU, memory system, I/O system, Multi- processors, Networks  2000s Computer Architecture Course: Special purpose architectures, Functionally reconfigurable, Special considerations for low power/mobile processing

6 הרצאה 1 שקף 6 The Instruction Set: a Critical Interface instruction set software hardware

7 הרצאה 1 שקף 7 Example ISAs (Instruction Set Architectures)  Digital Alpha(v1, v3)1992-97  HP PA-RISC(v1.1, v2.0)1986-96  Sun Sparc(v8, v9)1987-95  SGI MIPS(MIPS I, II, III, IV, V)1986-96  Intel(8086,80286,80386,1978-00 80486,Pentium, MMX,...) Itanium/I642002-

8 הרצאה 1 שקף 8 MIPS R3000 Instruction Set Architecture (Summary)  Instruction Categories Load/Store Computational Jump and Branch Floating Point -coprocessor Memory Management Special R0 - R31 PC HI LO OP rs rt rdsafunct rs rt immediate jump target 3 Instruction Formats: all 32 bits wide Registers Q: How many already familiar with MIPS ISA?

9 הרצאה 1 שקף 9 Organization  Capabilities & performance characteristics of principal functional units (e.g., Registers, ALU, Shifters, Logic Units,...)  Ways in which these components are interconnected  Information flows between components  Logic and means by which such information flow is controlled  Choreography of FUs to realize the ISA  Register Transfer Level (RTL) Description Logic Designer's View ISA Level FUs & Interconnect

10 הרצאה 1 שקף 10 The Big Picture  Since 1946 all computers have had 5 components Control Datapath Memory Processor Input Output

11 הרצאה 1 שקף 11 Example Organization  TI SuperSPARC tm TMS390Z50 in Sun SPARCstation20 Floating-point Unit Integer Unit Inst Cache Ref MMU Data Cache Store Buffer Bus Interface SuperSPARC L2 $ CC MBus Module MBus L64852 MBus control M-S Adapter SBus DRAM Controller SBus DMA SCSI Ethernet STDIO serial kbd mouse audio RTC Boot PROM Floppy SBus Cards

12 הרצאה 1 שקף 12 What is “Computer Architecture”?  Coordination of many levels of abstraction  Under a rapidly changing set of forces  Design, Measurement, and Evaluation I/O systemInstr. Set Proc. Compiler Operating System Application Digital Design Circuit Design Instruction Set Architecture Firmware Datapath & Control Layout

13 הרצאה 1 שקף 13 Forces on Computer Architecture Computer Architecture Technology Programming Languages Operating Systems History Applications Cleverness

14 הרצאה 1 שקף 14 Applications and Languages  CAD, CAM, CAE,...  Lotus, DOS,...  Multimedia,...  The Web,...  JAVA,...  The Net => ubiquitous computing  ???

15 הרצאה 1 שקף 15 Computers in the News: Sony Playstation 2000  As reported in Microprocessor Report, Vol 13, No. 5: Emotion Engine: 6.2 GFLOPS, 75 million polygons per second Graphics Synthesizer: 2.4 Billion pixels per second Claim: Toy Story realism brought to games!

16 הרצאה 1 שקף 16 Where are We Going?? מבנה מחשבים  Arithmetic Single/multicycle Datapaths IFetchDcdExecMemWB IFetchDcdExecMemWB IFetchDcdExecMemWB IFetchDcdExecMemWB PipeliningMemory Systems I/O

17 הרצאה 1 שקף 17 Course Content Computer Architecture and Engineering Instruction Set DesignComputer Organization InterfacesHardware Components Compiler/System ViewLogic Designer’s View ­“Building Architect”­“Construction Engineer”

18 הרצאה 1 שקף 18 מבנה מחשבים : So What's In It For Me?  In-depth understanding of the inner-workings of modern computers, their evolution, and trade-offs present at the hardware/software boundary. Insight into fast/slow operations that are easy/hard to implementation hardware Out-of-order execution and branch prediction  Experience with the design process in the context of a large complex (hardware) design. Functional Spec --> Control & Datapath --> Physical implementation Modern CAD tools  Designer's "Conceptual" toolbox

19 הרצאה 1 שקף 19 Course Administration  Instructors: Yehuda Afek (afek@post.tau.ac.il)afek@post.tau.ac.il Yossi Matias (matias@post.tau.ac.il)matias@post.tau.ac.il  TAs:Alon Shekler (shekler@post.tau.ac.il) Dror Ironi (irony@post.tau.ac.il)irony@post.tau.ac.il  Mailing list:  Materials: http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~afek/compstruc.html  Text: V. C. Hamacher, Z. G. Vranesic, S. G. Zaky Computer Organization. McGraw-Hill, 1982Computer Organization. Hennessy and Patterson, Computer Architecture, A Quant-itative Approach, 3 rd Ed., 2003. (recommended as an advanced reference)

20 הרצאה 1 שקף 20 Grading ציון :  מבחן סופי 80%  תרגילים 20% 8 תרגילים

21 הרצאה 1 שקף 21 Levels of Representation High Level Language Program Assembly Language Program Machine Language Program Control Signal Specification Compiler Assembler Machine Interpretation temp = v[k]; v[k] = v[k+1]; v[k+1] = temp; lw$15,0($2) lw$16,4($2) sw$16,0($2) sw$15,4($2) 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1100 0110 1010 1111 0101 1000 0000 1001 0101 1000 0000 1001 1100 0110 1010 1111 °°°° ALUOP[0:3] <= InstReg[9:11] & MASK

22 הרצאה 1 שקף 22 Execution Cycle Instruction Fetch Instruction Decode Operand Fetch Execute Result Store Next Instruction Obtain instruction from program storage Determine required actions and instruction size Locate and obtain operand data Compute result value or status Deposit results in storage for later use Determine successor instruction

23 הרצאה 1 שקף 23 It’s All About Communication Proc Caches Busses Memory I/O Devices: Controllers adapters Disks Displays Keyboards Networks  All have interfaces & organizations  Um…. It’s the network stupid???! Pentium III Chipset

24 הרצאה 1 שקף 24 SO  All computers consist of five components Processor: (1) datapath and (2) control (3) Memory (4) Input devices and (5) Output devices  Not all “memory” are created equally Cache: fast (expensive) memory are placed closer to the processor Main memory: less expensive memory--we can have more  Interfaces are where the problems are - between functional units and between the computer and the outside world  Need to design against constraints of performance, power, area and cost

25 הרצאה 1 שקף 25

26 הרצאה 1 שקף 26

27 הרצאה 1 שקף 27

28 הרצאה 1 שקף 28 Technology Trends Imply Dramatic Change  Processor Logic capacity:about 30% per year Clock rate:about 20% per year  Memory DRAM capacity:about 60% per year (4x every 3 years) Memory speed:about 10% per year Cost per bit:improves about 25% per year  Disk Capacity:about 60% per year Total data use:100% per 9 months!  Network Bandwidth Bandwidth increasing more than 100% per year!

29 הרצאה 1 שקף 29 Technology  In ~1985 the single-chip processor (32-bit) and the single- board computer emerged workstations, personal computers, multiprocessors have been riding this wave since  In the 2002+ timeframe, these may well look like mainframes compared to single-chip computers (maybe 2 chips) DRAM YearSize 198064 Kb 1983256 Kb 19861 Mb 19894 Mb 199216 Mb 199664 Mb 1999256 Mb 20021 Gb Microprocessor Logic DensityDRAM chip capacity

30 הרצאה 1 שקף 30 Performance Trends Microprocessors Minicomputers Mainframes Supercomputers 1995 Year 19901970197519801985 Log of Performance

31 הרצאה 1 שקף 31

32 הרצאה 1 שקף 32

33 הרצאה 1 שקף 33

34 הרצאה 1 שקף 34

35 הרצאה 1 שקף 35

36 הרצאה 1 שקף 36

37 הרצאה 1 שקף 37

38 הרצאה 1 שקף 38

39 הרצאה 1 שקף 39

Download ppt "מבנה מחשבים הרצאה 1 מבנה מחשבים Lecture 1 Course Introduction Yehuda Afek and Yossi Matias Slides from Randy H. Katz, and John Wawrzynek Berkeley."

Similar presentations

CSE 340 Computer Architecture Fall 2014 Introduction Thanks to Dr. MaryJaneIrwin for the slides.

CSE 340 Computer Architecture Fall 2014 Introduction Thanks to Dr. MaryJaneIrwin for the slides.
CpE442 Intro. To Computer Architecture CpE 442 Introduction To Computer Architecture Lecture 1 Instructor: H. H. Ammar These slides are based on the lecture.

CpE442 Intro. To Computer Architecture CpE 442 Introduction To Computer Architecture Lecture 1 Instructor: H. H. Ammar These slides are based on the lecture.
CSE431 L01 Introduction.1Irwin, PSU, 2005 CSE 431 Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Lecture 01: Introduction Mary Jane Irwin ( www.cse.psu.edu/~mji )www.cse.psu.edu/~mji.

CSE431 L01 Introduction.1Irwin, PSU, 2005 CSE 431 Computer Architecture Fall 2005 Lecture 01: Introduction Mary Jane Irwin ( )
CPSC 321 Computer Architecture Fall 2006 Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer Adapted from CS 152 Spring 2002 UC Berkeley Copyright.

CPSC 321 Computer Architecture Fall 2006 Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer Adapted from CS 152 Spring 2002 UC Berkeley Copyright.
CMSC411/Computer Architecture These slides and all associated material are © 2003 by J. Six and are available only for students enrolled in CMSC411. Introduction.

CMSC411/Computer Architecture These slides and all associated material are © 2003 by J. Six and are available only for students enrolled in CMSC411. Introduction.
CPSC 321 Computer Architecture Spring 2005 Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer Adapted from CS 152 Spring 2002 UC Berkeley Adapted.

CPSC 321 Computer Architecture Spring 2005 Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer Adapted from CS 152 Spring 2002 UC Berkeley Adapted.
EEM 486 EEM 486: Computer Architecture Lecture 1 Course Introduction and the Five Components of a Computer.

EEM 486 EEM 486: Computer Architecture Lecture 1 Course Introduction and the Five Components of a Computer.
Cs 152 L1 Intro.1 Patterson Fall 97 ©UCB CS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 1 August 27, 1997 Dave Patterson (http.cs.berkeley.edu/~patterson)

Cs 152 L1 Intro.1 Patterson Fall 97 ©UCB CS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 1 August 27, 1997 Dave Patterson (http.cs.berkeley.edu/~patterson)
CS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer January 21, 2004 John Kubiatowicz (www.cs.berkeley.edu/~kubitron)

CS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer January 21, 2004 John Kubiatowicz (
מבנה מחשבים הרצאה 1 מבנה מחשבים Lecture 1 Course Introduction Eytan Ruppin and Alon Schclar Slides from Randy H. Katz, John Wawrzynek and Dan Garcia Berkeley.

מבנה מחשבים הרצאה 1 מבנה מחשבים Lecture 1 Course Introduction Eytan Ruppin and Alon Schclar Slides from Randy H. Katz, John Wawrzynek and Dan Garcia Berkeley.
ENEE350 Spring07 1 Ankur Srivastava University of Maryland, College Park Adapted from Computer Organization and Design, Patterson & Hennessy, © 2005.”

ENEE350 Spring07 1 Ankur Srivastava University of Maryland, College Park Adapted from Computer Organization and Design, Patterson & Hennessy, © 2005.”
CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.1 ©UCB Spring 20011/16/01 CS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer.

CS152 / Kubiatowicz Lec1.1 ©UCB Spring 20011/16/01 CS152 Computer Architecture and Engineering Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer.
ECE 232 L2 Basics.1 Adapted from Patterson 97 ©UCBCopyright 1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers ECE 232 Hardware Organization and Design Lecture 2 Computer.

ECE 232 L2 Basics.1 Adapted from Patterson 97 ©UCBCopyright 1998 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers ECE 232 Hardware Organization and Design Lecture 2 Computer.
CS472 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE –Bruce D’Ambrosio - 107 Dearborn, 7-5563 –Text: Computer Organization and Design.

CS472 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE –Bruce D’Ambrosio Dearborn, –Text: Computer Organization and Design.
1  2004 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Lectures for 3rd Edition Note: these lectures are often supplemented with other materials and also problems from the.

1  2004 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Lectures for 3rd Edition Note: these lectures are often supplemented with other materials and also problems from the.
CPEN 315 - Digital System Design Chapter 10 – Instruction SET Architecture (ISA) © Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4 rd Ed., Mano Prentice Hall.

CPEN Digital System Design Chapter 10 – Instruction SET Architecture (ISA) © Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4 rd Ed., Mano Prentice Hall.
CS / Schlesinger Lec1.1 1/20/99©UCB Spring 1999 Computer Architecture Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer Spring, 1999 Arie Schlesinger.

CS / Schlesinger Lec1.1 1/20/99©UCB Spring 1999 Computer Architecture Lecture 1 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer Spring, 1999 Arie Schlesinger.
1 CSE 45432 SUNY New Paltz Chapter 1 Introduction CSE-45432Introduction to Computer Architecture Dr. Izadi.

1 CSE SUNY New Paltz Chapter 1 Introduction CSE-45432Introduction to Computer Architecture Dr. Izadi.
CIS 314 : Computer Organization Lecture 1 – Introduction.

CIS 314 : Computer Organization Lecture 1 – Introduction.
ELEN 350 Computer Architecture Spring 2005 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer Adapted from CS 152 Spring 2002 UC Berkeley Adapted from CPSC.

ELEN 350 Computer Architecture Spring 2005 Introduction and Five Components of a Computer Adapted from CS 152 Spring 2002 UC Berkeley Adapted from CPSC.

Similar presentations

Ads by Google