1. Ready Reference

2. The need for ready reference sources is felt when: Quick, rather than multistep, answers are required. Factual, rather than analytical, information is required. Relative facts need to be located in a single source The information required is wide ranging but not deep. Citations for primary research are required The data found in a random Internet search are of dubious accuracy.

3. Samples of Questions answered by Ready Reference: What is the Earth’s distance from the sun? Where are the Amtrak and Greyhound stations located in Mobile, Alabama? How much would it cost to register copyright on a new computer software application? Who publishes historical romances in Virginia?

4. Major Ready Reference Resources Used in Reference Work: General Facts Local Facts The “Who” Facts The “What” Facts The “Which” Facts The “When” Facts The “Where” Facts The “How” Facts

5. General Facts Almanacs are the epitome of a ready reference resource; crammed with general information that is concise, factual, and structured to broadly answer who, what, where, which, when and how questions. The most respected and used almanac in America is the annual World Almanac and Book of Facts. This is crammed with facts, features, rankings, directories, and information.

6. Local Facts An essential component of ready reference is accessible local information. Some resources that can answer the who, what, when, where, which, and how questions of municipality are the following: 1)Town directory 2)Town map 3)List of elected officials and representatives 4)Local government, institutions, agencies, and associations 5)Visitor information 6)List of services such as nearest fax, notary public, passport services, post office 7)Transportation and directions to the library 8)Local datasheet

7. The “Who” Facts The “who” questions are typically answered by telephone directories or by biographical directories. Online telephone directories are highly effective resources as well; www.anywho.com, www.superpages.com, www.switchboard.com are all worthy sites to locate persons or businesses.www.anywho.com www.superpages.comwww.switchboard.com

8. “What” Facts “What” questions generally center around consumer concerns. Print catalogs are available for all of these ready reference tools, but online versions tend to be more user friendly. – Consumer Reports and Consumer Reports Buyers Guide. Subscription based website: www.consumerreports.org www.consumerreports.org – Free auto ratings website www.edmunds.comwww.edmunds.com – The Government Assistance Almanac is used for Federal assistance and grant information. The online version can be found at http://12.46.245.173/cfda/cfda.html http://12.46.245.173/cfda/cfda.html

9. “Which” Facts “Which” questions frequently deal with literary questions. – Masterplots(12 volume print series) can be found in CD-ROM format to answer a wide array of literary questions (e.g. which author, which poet, etc…). – The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics can also be found in CD-ROM format to answer scientific questions (e.g. which compound, which formula, etc…).

10. “When” Facts “When” questions center around dates, years, and time periods. – Chase’s annualCalendar of Events – www.scopesys.com/anydayprovides information on anyday in history www.scopesys.com/anyday – Perpetual calendar (1901-2100) www.vpcalendar.net www.vpcalendar.net – American Decades and American Eras also provides dates for historical questions.

11. “Where” Facts The Stateman’s Yearbook is a source for Social, Political, Geographic and Economics Profiles. Information is concise, authoritative. Published on an annual update

12. Interactive online version www.sybworld.com/views/home.html Updated monthly Interactive site links to over 2000 other related sites such as immediate government information Examples: chiefs of state and cabinet ministers of nations and territories across the world

13. Examples: Time Zone ISO County Codes Foldout Colored Maps Statistics on issues regarding, “quality of life indicators” Chamber of Commerce Information Pertinent Information from general Almanacs on US Cities: City Profiles on most popular relocation locations & factual information on selective cities

14. “How” Facts: Two Types Answers “How Many” A resource that requires statistical resources Answers “How To” A resource that requires manuals

15. How Many Resource for Statistical Queries Annually Statistical Abstract of the United States Complied of United States information of social, economic, and political profile that is broken down into many sections and tables Each table references to another web site, provides an alphabetical index & guide

16. How Many Abstract Statistics Information available in CD- ROM with spreadsheets attached with more details These statistics are refer to its on-line version at www.census.gov/statab/www which links use to macro and micro datawww.census.gov/statab/www Data includes: counties, cities, states, & metropolitan areas

17. www.census.gov/statab/www Transform into a lengthy reference session by loading details instructions with fast loading screens to follow Quick search strings by subject, time period, and location for effective referencing A similar stats site is www.fedstats.gov www.fedstats.gov Acts as a portal to major federal agencies Access by the agency, by subject, alphabetically or by keyword searches Monitored & revised by each agency

18. How To Resource that requires manuals Examples: social information on how to socially phrase information such etiquette, online dating, netiquette, writing invitations, procedures on conducting an institutional meetings, rules of quorum and debates www.robertsrules.com Emily Post’s Etiquette, a most popular resource

19. Evaluation of Ready Reference Resources Validating resources by establishing which source serves which category of question Deciding whether the source is consistently accurate, current, & reliable 95 percent of academic library web sites have a ready reference section of selected sources selected by professionals

20. Collection Development of Sites Monitoring by Checking for dead links Checking for citation sources Alert to sites of commercial endorsements Cross-checking answers to establish whether answers are consistently accurate And checking the updating timetables for each site

21. Maintenance & Keeping Current Keep current with new Web sites by subscribing to New This Week, a weekly newsletter at the Librarian’s Internet Index: http://lii.org/search/file/mailinglist http://lii.org/search/file/mailinglist Free and provides reliable information sites that are categorized according to Library of Congress headings

22. Maintenance & Keeping Current Printed Resources: Subscribing to the New York Times Updating Service that sends weekly updates of ready reference facts through reference tools: World Almanac and Books of Facts, Statesman’s Yearbook, Congressional Directory, Who’s Who in America, etc.

23. References Cassell, K.A. &Hiremath, U. (2004). Reference and Information Services in the 21 st Century (2 nd edition). New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers Inc.