1. Chapter 16 Population, the Environment & Social Change 1

2. Population The U.S. Population U.S. 311,321,158 (May 9, 2011). Since 1946, the population has doubled The world population: 6,917,380,079 (May 9, 2011). –The world’s population will double in 40 years. 2

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4. Population Curve 4

5. Social Issues Traffic jams unemployment water and food shortages environmental pollution Global warming War and violence High epidemic proportion 5

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7. The Demographic Processes Three variables used to determine population size : deaths, births, and immigration. Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The # of the children per woman in her lifetime Life Expectancy: The average number of years a member of the group can expect to live Immigration: movement into society. Emigration: movement out of society. 7

8. Life Expectancy: Top 15 and Bottom 15 8

9. Male Life Expectancy 9

10. Female Life Expectancy 10

11. GNI & Life Expectancy High GNI = High Life Expectancy Medicine Medical system/health care system Education Food supply, nutrition Sanitation system technology, communication (news, warning) technology, architecture (earthquake, tunami, harricane) less war (conflict) Employment rate Financial/ physical stress The system of the government Criminal Justice System 11

12. Infant Mortality Rate Infant mortality: the number of deaths per year of infants less than one year old for every 1000 live births. the leading causes of infant deaths Infectious diseases Dehydration Malnourishment lack of sanitation. 12

13. Total Fertility Rate: Top 15 and Bottom 15 13

14. Total Fertility Rate (TRF) 14

15. GDP per capita & TFR 15

16. Film, “World in the Balance” India, Japan, Sub-Saharan Africa (Kenya) Reasons for high/low TFR Age(population)-pyramid Social consequences and expected social Issues 16

17. TFR GNP per capita India 3.11 ( 77 th out of 195) $620 (159 th) Japan 1.29 (184 th ) $37,050 (9 th ) Kenya 5 (28 th) $480 (171th) The U.S. 2.04 127th 17

18. Demographic Transition Theory 18

19. Age-Sex Pyramid 19

20. GNI & TFR Low GNI per capita = High TFR Availability of birth control/ contraception Family planning facilities Sex education values (gender preference for children & the family size) women’s status within the family Women’s marriage age Young women’s education & economic status Cost for raising children Child laborer 20