6. source router Destination IP packet IP packet fragments Reassembly Required Fragments Created

10. TCP Connection Oriented –state Stream Oriented –Sequence number Full Duplex Reliable –acknowledgment

11. TCP Commands Syn – synchronize sequence numbers Ack – acknowledgement Fin – close connection Push – send data immediately Urgent – look at data out of sequence Reset – reject connection

12. TCP Connection Passive Open –Server opens known port and waits for client to connect (no traffic on network) Active open –Client opens any available port and connects to server on known port (starts three way handshake)

13. TCP Connection States LISTENServer waiting SYN-SENTWaiting for ack SYN-RCVDSyn received ESTABLISHEDConnection established FIN-WAIT-1Closing requested FIN-WAIT-2Closing accepted CLOSE-WAITServer waiting for client to close LAST-ACKServer waiting for last ack

14. CLOSEDLISTENESTABLISHEDSYN-SENTCLOSE-WAITSYN-RCVDFIN-WAIT-1LAST-ACKFIN-WAIT-2TIME-WAIT Passive open Active open/syn Syn/ syn+ack Syn+ack/ack Close/fin Ack/ timeout Fin/ack ack Close/fin Fin/ack

15. TCP Sliding Window Sequence No. - number of first byte in the segment Acknowledgement – number of next byte expected Sliding Window – number of bytes that can be transmitted without an acknowledgement

16. KSU GOLDENFLASHES Sliding Window Sender Receiver

17. KSU GOLDENFLASHES KSU Sliding Window Ready to send Sent, not yet acked

18. KSU GOLDENFLASHES KSU DENFLA Sent and ACKed Sliding WindowReady to send Sent, not yet acked

19. KSU GOLDENFLASHES KSU GOLDENFLA Sent and ACKed Sliding Window

20. Syn Client Server Seq 7280 Client sends syn to open connection

21. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Server sends Ack and Syn Seq 5965 Ack 7281

22. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Cient sends Ack, connection is established Seq 7281 Ack 5966

23. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Ack, Push Client requests Web Page Seq 7281 Ack 5966

24. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Server sends first part of Web Page Seq 5966 ack 7532

25. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Server sends remainder of page Seq 5966 ack 7531 Seq 7426 ack 7531

26. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Client sends ack Seq 7531 ack 8886

27. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Ack, Fin, Push Server starts closing of connection Seq 8886 ack 7531

28. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Ack, Fin, Push Ack Client acks closing of server’s side of connection Seq 7531 ack 9203

29. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Ack, Fin, Push Ack Ack, Fin Client requests closing of its side of connection Seq 7531 ack 9203

30. Syn Client Server Syn, Ack Ack Ack, Fin, Push Ack Ack, Fin Ack Server sends Ack, connection closed Seq 9203 ack 7532

35. http://www.rhyshaden.com/arp.htm

45. TYPE IDENTIFIER OPTIONAL DATA SEQUENCE NUMBER CODECHECKSUM 08 16 31 ICMP Echo message

49. ftp client ftp server Proto Local Address Foreign Address TCP 131.123.8.111:2349 131.123.250.211:21 TCP 131.123.8.111:2353 131.123.250.211:20 2349212353 20 TCP Segments 131.123.8.111 131.123.250.211