1. Mini-Talk 2a The Sister Study Genetics, the environment, their interaction and breast cancer risk How will biomonitoring be used in this long-term study of sisters of women with breast cancer? A special thanks to Dr. Dale Sandler, PI of Sister Study, for sharing her slides and graphics that were used for this mini-talk

2. The Sister Study http://www.sisterstudy.org Following 50,000 sisters of women diagnosed with breast cancer for 10 yrs Explore linkages between genetics, biology and the environment Cancer and medical history Diet and exercise Personal care products use Residential exposures / GIS Workplace exposures

3. The Sister Study -Creating a framework Create a framework to study current and future hypotheses Be responsive to current public concerns But, plan for the future The hypotheses we may have in 5 to 10 years may be very different than our current ideas of what may affect breast cancer risk.

4. The Sister Study -Sample collection Variety of human specimens Blood Whole blood, serum/plasma Lymphocytes Urine sample Toenail clippings House dust swipes B-D Alcohol Swab

5. The Sister Study -Possible future analyses Hormones (estrogens, prolactin) Growth factors (insulin-like-growth factor) Dietary factors (vitamin metabolites) Polymorphisms in variety of genes DNA damage and repair

6. The Sister Study -Possible future analyses Environmental exposures Metals (toenails and blood) Phthalates and pesticides (urine) Phenols, pesticides, PCBs, PAHs (blood / dust swipes) Solvents, pesticides, phytoestrogens, melatonin metabolites, brominated and chlorinated chemicals (blood)

7. The Sister Study -Working with CDC’s NCEH NIEHS is working with CDC’s National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH) The types of biomonitoring and genetic analysis possible in 5 to10 years will probably be much greater than what is currently available Long-term storage of samples for future analysis

8. The Sister Study -Storage of samples Twelve -20 o C freezers Six -80 o C freezers Each freezer holds 56,700 vials

9. The Sister Study -Storage of samples 36 Liquid Nitrogen Tanks Each holds 275,184 “straw” samples