1. Body Plans 008a

2. Animal Body Plans

3. Criteria for Evolutionary Development & Classification Cellular organization Symmetry Coelom Digestive system Segmentation Cephalization

4. Kingdom Animalia Symmetry Unorganized Radial Bilateral Cellular organization Tissues, organs, systems

5. Coelom Body cavity or not Digestive system None, 1 or 2 openings, how Kingdom Animalia coelom digestive tube

6. Segmentation Repetition of body parts Cephalization Development of a “head end” Kingdom Animalia

7. What to Remember Match with common name General characteristics Special evolutionary features General evolutionary location

8. 1 st dinosaur end of dinosaurs 1 st reptiles 1 st amphibians 1 st land plants 1 st fish 1 st invertebrates Millions of Years Geologic Time Scale

9. Ediacaran Fauna: distinctive group of fossils dating from and existing only during Precambrian time 600 mya Australia's Ediacara Hills Environment: shallow seas Description: soft bodies; worms, cnideria May be an evolutionary dead end

10. Reconstruction of the sea floor during the Vendian times when the Ediacaran organisms thrived

11. Ediacaran Fauna (600-540 MYBP) end of Precambrian era

12. Ediacaran Seas Mostly cnidarians and worms Sea pens

13. Edicarian Fauna

14. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation (540 MYBP) Burgess Shale

16. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation (540 MYBP) Drawings based on fossils collected from Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada

17. Burgess Shale Fauna (540 MYBP) An explosion of body plans Hallucigena Feeding tentacles spines Similar to a sea urchin

18. Pikaia- earliest known chordate Burgess Shale Fauna (540 MYBP)

19. Burgess Shale Fauna (540-530 MYBP Anomalocaris Opabinia Wiwaxia

20. Living Invertebrates

21. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Ancestral Protist segmentation true tissue radial symmetry bilateral symmetry Deuterostomes: eucoelom Protostome: schizocoelem pseudo coelom Porifera Cnideria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca Annelida Echinodermata Chordata Arthropoda no true tissues acoelom

22. Early Embryonic Development of an Animal

23. Major Stages of Animal Development gametogenesis fertilization cleavage blastula gastrulation differentiation and morphogenesis

24. Hypothetical Scheme for the Origin of Multicellularity in Animals

25. Protostome vs Deuterostome Protostome: blastopore becomes mouth Deuterostome: blastopore becomes anus Blastula Blastopore

26. What is a Phylum?

27. Some Examples of Animal Phyla Phylum Cnidaria –sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids Phylum Mollusca –snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids Phylum Arthropoda –spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes Phylum Echinodermata –sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies Phylum Chordata –sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals Phylum Cnidaria –sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids Phylum Mollusca –snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids Phylum Arthropoda –spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes Phylum Echinodermata –sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies Phylum Chordata –sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals

28. Phylum Chordata

29. Major Body Plan Characteristics of Animals Symmetry Primary Germ Layers Gut Organization Body Cavity Segmentation Skeletal Systems Circulatory Systems Appendages Coloniality

30. Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Asymmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

31. Symmetry Radial Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry

32. Radial Symmetry Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria

33. Pentamerous Radial Symmetry Sea Stars Phylum Echinodermata

34. Bilateral Symmetry Slug Phylum Mollusca

35. Bilateral Symmetry Squid Phylum Mollusca

36. Primary Germ Layers None Diploblastic Triploblast None Diploblastic Triploblast Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm gut

37. Fates of the Primary Germ Layers Ectoderm –hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves Mesoderm –notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle Endoderm –internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas

38. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

40. Germ Layer Patterns Ectoderm Endoderm gut Diploblastic

41. Diploblastic- two germ layers Phylum Cnidaria

42. Germ Layer Patterns acoelomate Triploblastic: 3 germ layers Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm gut

43. No Gut Blind Sac Gut Complete Gut Gut Organization

44. No Gut Sponges Phylum Porifera

45. No Gut Sponges Phylum Porifera

46. Blind Sac Gut Phylum Cnidaria

47. Complete Gut

48. Acoelomate Eucoelomate Pseudocoelomate Acoelomate Eucoelomate Pseudocoelomate Body Cavities

49. Acoelomate- lacks cavity between gut and outer body wall Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm gut

50. Body Cavities Eucoelomate- body cavity completely lined with mesoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm coelom gut

51. Body Cavities Pseudocoelomate: body cavity partially lined with mesoderm Mesoderm Ectoderm Endoderm pseudocoelom gut

52. hydrostatic skeleton greater freedom for internal organs greater body size because of body fluid circulation Advantages of a Fluid-Filled Body Cavity

53. Segmentation

54. Centipede Phylum Arthropoda

55. Segmentation Lobster Phylum Arthropoda

56. Skeleton

57. Functions of the Skeleton supports basic body form protection of soft internal tissues and organs facilitates locomotion

58. Skeleton Hydrostatic Skeletons Hard Skeletons –Exoskeletons –Endoskeletons

59. Hydrostatic Skeleton Sea Anemone Phylum Cnidaria

60. Hydrostatic Skeleton: A non compressible fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment. Uses antagonistic muscles for movement. The gastrovascular cavity of the jellyfish acts as hydrostatic skeleton against which contractile cells can work.

61. Hydrostatic Skeleton Earthworm Phylum Annelida

62. Exoskeleton Chiton Phylum Mollusca

63. Exoskeleton Stony Coral Phylum Cnidaria

64. Endoskeletons Vertebrates Phylum Chordata Vertebrates Phylum Chordata

65. Types of Appendages

66. Functions of Appendages locomotion feeding sensory protection

67. Tentacles Sea Anemone Phylum Cnidaria

68. Jointed Appendages Bee Appendages Phylum Arthropoda Bee Appendages Phylum Arthropoda

69. Circulatory Systems

70. Functions of Circulatory Systems transport of nutrients and metabolic wastes maintains water and solute balance defense against pathogens

71. Circulatory System None (simple diffusion) Body Cavity Circulation Closed Circulatory System Open Circulatory System

72. No Circulatory System Comb Jelly Phylum Ctenophora

73. Circulation in a Moon Jellyfish Phylum Cnidaria

74. Closed Versus Open Circulatory Systems

75. Nervous Systems

76. Functions of Nervous systems integration of animal behavior processing and interpretation of sensory information elicits external and internal responses

77. Types of Nervous Systems

78. Coloniality

79. Coral Phylum Cnidaria

80. Coloniality Sea Fan Phylum Cnidaria

81. Coloniality Man-of-War Phylum Cnidaria

82. Polymorphism in the Portuguese Man- of-War