1. Space Weather and Space Surveillance correlations within the future European SSA system Th. Donath (ONERA), C. Saunders (QinetiQ), A. Hilgers (ESA) 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)

2. Slide #2 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Contents Users’ requirements Functional requirements Technical requirements Possible architectural options Conclusions

3. Slide #3 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Users’ requirements To be aware of the Space Situation : Trackable space objects Space environment (radiations, non trackable space objects) NEOs To be aware of the Threats against space assets of interest or coming from space : Collisions Break-ups Re-entries Interferences Charging, aging, mechanical effects or arcing due to particles … To be autonomous in Europe thanks to verifiable, dependable, accurate and timely information.

4. Slide #4 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) System Earth orbital population Users Space assets of interest Contributing sensorsContributing sources of information Data policy Resources sharing principles Space environment Space threats Functional requirements MF2 MF1 MF3 CF1 CF2

5. Slide #5 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Technical requirements Data structure Internal ID Attributes Data policy attributes Data type Data ID given by the system to each data representing one piece of information. Data characteristics : 1.Epoch 2.Format 3.Value (1D, 2D, 3D, 4D) 4.Confidence degree 5.Source 6.Related IDs 7.History Data characteristics for relations with Users : 1.Confidentiality 2.Priority Possible data types : 1.Users’ request 2.Space object data 3.Space environment data 4.NEO data 5.Warning data 6.Raw information 7.Answer to User.

6. Slide #6 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Technical requirements Required assets

7. Slide #7 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Technical requirements Sensors locations

8. Slide #8 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Technical requirements Sensors types

9. Slide #9 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Possible architectural options Three architectural options due to sensors : Mostly ground-based option Space-based option for high-altitude orbits Mixed option In any case, an information system with : A “unified” data structure whatever the data type A “unified” data processing / domain whatever the locations and types of sensors. A “unified” data management / data centre with an “agreed” data policy to guarantee the non disclosure of sensitive information. A GEO Data Relay Satellite for ensuring SW data timeliness.

10. Slide #10 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Option 1 : Mostly ground-based architecture GEO DRS Ground-basedSpace-basedNo requirement GEO DRS 2 SSO SS&SW synergy Possible sub- options

11. Slide #11 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Option 2 : Space-based architecture for high-altitude orbits 2 SSO L1 Ground-basedSpace-basedNo requirementSS&SW synergy Possible sub- options GEO DRS 2 SSO SSO

12. Slide #12 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Option 3 : Mixed architecture Ground-basedSpace-basedNo requirementSS&SW synergy GEO DRS 2 SSO L1 2 SSO Possible sub- options SSO See next slides

13. Slide #13 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Option 3 : GEO DRS as coupling assets between SS and SW Cyprus GEO&MEO tracking Marquesas MEO survey GEO&MEO tracking DR ground station Perth GEO&MEO tracking GEO DRS DR for SSO E-&p+ detectors GEO DRS DR for SSO Solar X-ray imager / solar UV flux E-&p+ detectors SSO asset GTO/HEO survey Limited GTO/HEO tracking E-&p+ detectors Ionospheric TEC (via GPS) SSO asset GEO survey Limited GEO tracking E-&p+ detctors Ionospheric TEC (via GPS) L1 solar observatory Solar wind density & speed Solar wind temperature Solar wind magnetic field E-&p+ detectors Redu Data Relay High latitude TT&C station Data reception for SSO asset Tenerife MEO survey GEO&MEO tracking UHF radar LEO survey Contributing Space weather assets E-&p+ detectors (PROBA-1, METOP, JASON2, SAC-D, Galileo IOV-1,IOV-2, Alpha sat, XMM) Solar imaging/UV (PROBA-2) Ionospheric density (PROBA-2, SWARM) Ground-basedSpace-basedSS&SW synergy

14. Slide #14 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Option 3 : GEO DRS and SSO platform as coupling assets between SS and SW Tenerife MEO survey GEO&MEO tracking UHF radar LEO survey Cyprus GEO&MEO tracking Marquesas MEO survey GEO&MEO tracking DR ground station GEO DRS DR for SSO E-&p+ detectors SSO asset GTO/HEO survey Limited GTO/HEO tracking Solar X-ray imager / solar UV flux E-&p+ detectors Ionospheric TEC (via GPS) SSO asset GEO survey Limited GEO tracking Solar X-ray imager / solar UV flux E-&p+ detctors Ionospheric TEC (via GPS) L1 solar observatory Solar wind density & speed Solar wind temperature Solar wind magnetic field E-&p+ detectors High latitude TT&C station Data reception for SSO asset GEO DRS DR for SSO E-&p+ detectors Redu Data Relay Contributing Space weather assets E-&p+ detectors (PROBA-1, METOP, JASON2, SAC-D, Galileo IOV-1,IOV-2, Alpha sat, XMM) Solar imaging/UV (PROBA-2) Ionospheric density (PROBA-2, SWARM) Perth GEO&MEO tracking Ground-basedSpace-basedSS&SW synergy

15. Slide #15 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels) Conclusions SSA is a System of Systems dealing with : Space surveillance Space weather NEOs Architecture of the SSA system may enhance the coupling between these domains, Considering that SSA system is an information system (with unified data structure, with unified data processing/domain, with unified data management) Considering space-based assets for carrying sensors for space surveillance and space weather domains (i.e. SSO platform) Considering that the SSA system may be also its own user (i.e thermosphere and ionosphere knowledge).

16. Slide #16 - 5th European Space Weather Week, 17 - 21 November 2008 - Royal Library of Belgium (Brussels)