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Block to Polyspermy: Fast Block. Cortical reaction.

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Presentation on theme: "Block to Polyspermy: Fast Block. Cortical reaction."— Presentation transcript:

1 Block to Polyspermy: Fast Block

2 Cortical reaction

3 Cleavage and implantation 陳建榮 http://web.nchu.edu.tw/pweb/users/chenjr/ Day 1 =====  Day 14

4 Cleavage in mammalian zygote

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6 桑椹胚 囊胚 內細胞團或胚球層 滋養層 囊胚腔

7 卵裂型態 (cleavage patterns): - 完全分裂 (total or holoblastic cleavage): - 哺乳類動物 ( 有胎盤哺乳類 ) 之無 ( 或寡 ) 卵黃卵屬之 - 部份分裂 (partial or meroblastic cleavage): - 鳥類之端卵黃卵屬之。

8 Mature Xenopus oocyte

9 完全分裂 (total or holoblastic cleavage): -Spiral cleavage -Radial cleavage

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11 部份分裂 (partial or meroblastic cleavage): -Incomplete cleavage -Superficial cleavage

12 Cleavage in Zebra Fish

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14 Monozygotic twin 同卵雙生

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16 Estrogen 抑制受精卵向子宮移動 Progesterone 加速受精卵向子宮移動

17 Morula stage 犬 : 10-11days 家畜 : 5-9 days

18 Implantation types 著床型態 : 依滋養層與子宮內膜之間接觸的程度,及子宮內膜的被破壞情形可分為 1. 間質性著床 (interstitial implantation) - 靈長類,囓齒類,及部分肉食動物,其胚埋入子宮內膜發育,一直到出生 2. 築巢性著床 (nidation implantation) 或表面著床 (superficial implantation): - 大多數的家畜,滋養細胞並不會破壞子宮內膜。

19 carnivores, ruminants, horses, and pigs rats and mice humans, and guinea pigs 間質性著床 (interstitial) 築巢性著床 (nidation)

20 Interstitial implantation 間質性著床 : - 步驟: -Invade 侵入 -Ingestive 吞食 -Digestive 消化 -E6 ~ E11 -Trophoblast 滋養層 -Syncytiotrophoblast -Cytotrophoblast -Inner cell mass (embryoblast) 胚球層  bilaminar embryonic disc 雙層胚盤

21 Trophoblast 滋養層 : -Cytotrophoblast 細胞滋養層 -Syncytiotrophoblast 合體滋養層 -EPF (early pregnancy factor) 早期妊娠因子 -24 ~ 48hr --  10 days -In mothernal serum -hCG 人類絨毛性腺激素 -10 days -In mother’s urine Embryoblast (inner cell mass) Hypoblast 下胚層 (primary endoderm) hCG  corpus luteum  progesterone 妊娠試驗: hCG 、 EPF Inhibition of implantation -Diethylstibestrol” 事後丸 ” -RU486” 流產藥丸 ”

22 築巢性 (nidation) 或表面著床 (superficial implantation) 進行方式 : - 並置 (apposition): 囊胚平均排列於子宮或子宮角腔內、雙子宮的動物如兔子則 無此現象。 - 黏接 (adhension): 囊胚與子宮內膜接觸,子宮內膜上皮與滋養細胞連接甚緊。 - 附著 (attachment): 有蹄類的滋養細胞與子宮黏膜上皮之間形成微絨毛性指間構 造。

23 ───┬────────────────────── 動物 │ 開始 並置 接觸 附著 完成 ───┼────────────────────── 貓 │11-12 16-17 (5) 狗 │14-17 20-21 (4-6) 牛 │ 8-32 40-45 (13-32) 綿羊 │4-16 10 16 28-35 (19-24) 馬 │5-40 38-39 95-105 (65-90) 豬 │2-13 12 13-14 16-18 24-26 (13-22) 人 │6-7 12-13 (6) ────────────────────────── * 時間是以授精後算起。 著床開始的時期與完成的時間因動物而異

24 人工受孕 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Surrogate mothers 1. 男性不孕 - 數目太少 - 品質太差 - 無精子 2. 女性不孕 - 輸卵管阻塞 - 子宮切除 - 自發性流產

25 Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

26 子宮外孕 (ectopic pregnancies) Placenta previa 前置胎盤 家畜: Antimesometrial 對子宮系膜 Human

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28 Day 8 Inner cell mass  Amnion 羊膜 +Epiblast 上胚層  bilaminar disc 雙層胚盤 Hypoblast 下胚層 Epiblast 上胚層  Amnoitic cavity 羊膜腔 Epiblast  exocoelomic membrane 外胚腔膜 Blastocytic cavity 囊胚腔  Exocoelomic cavity 外胚腔腔室 (primary yolk sac 初級卵黃囊 )

29 Day 9 Extraembryonic mesoderm 胚外中胚層 Syncytiotrophoblast  Lacuna 陷窩

30 Day 10 - 12 Extraembryonic mesoderm 胚外中胚層  Extraembryonic coelomic space 胚外體空隙 Syncytiotrophoblast ↓ Endomatrial stromal cell  Decidual cell 蛻膜細胞 => decidual reaction 蛻膜反應decidual reaction 蛻膜反應 Lacunar  lacunar network

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32 Closing plug 閉鎖栓

33 Decidual cell 蛻膜細胞

34 Day 13 Extraembryonic mesoderm 胚外中胚層  Extraembryonic coelomic space 胚外體空隙  extraembryonic coelom 胚外體腔  Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm 胚外壁層中胚層  Extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm 胚外臟層中胚層 Chorion 絨毛膜 -Extraembryonic somatic mesoderm -Cytotrophoblast -Syncytiotrophoblast Extraembryonic coelom 胚外體腔  Chorionic cavity 絨毛膜腔

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38 Day 14 Primary yolk sac  Secondary yolk sac  Remnant of primary yolk sac Cytotrophoblast  Primary chorionic villus 初級絨毛膜絨毛 Hypoblast  Prechordal plate 脊索前板

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