1. Index of Refraction is many scatterers Transmitted plus scattered Scattered radiation cancels out All energy ends up in forward direction with phase shift proportional to distance New wavelength

2. dimbright ground Scintillation

3. Adaptive Optics

6. Scintillation

7. Refractive Scintillation

8. Diffraction and resolution Airy disk I distance n=1 n=2

9. Airy disk distance 1.22  /D I distance n=1 n=2 Diffractive Scintillation

10. x x I E

11. x x I E

12. For a rarified gas = 0 When i≠ j e iΘ i | 2 > = <| ∑A i

13. http://www.geocities.com/capecanaveral/2309/page3.html?200711 At separation , the signal is proportional to: Interferometery and aperture synthesis