1. Session 6 Morphology 1 Matakuliah : G0922/Introduction to Linguistics
Tahun : 2008
Session 6 Morphology 1

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the meeting, students are able to :
Explain the different kinds of morphemes
Analyze the words based on the morphemes
Give examples of free and bound morphemes, derivational and inflectional morphemes
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3. OUTLINE Morpheme Single Word and complex word Free and Bound Morpheme
Derivational and inflectional morpheme
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4. Morpheme Definition E.g. builder consists of 2 morphemes
The smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function.
E.g. builder consists of 2 morphemes
build (to construct) and er (the one who builds)
boys consists of 2 morphemes
boy (a male child) + s (plural)
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5. Single word and compound word
A word consisting of one morpheme
E.g. table, chair
Compound word
A word consisting of more than one morphemes
E.g. girls – two morphemes - girl + s
hunters – three morphemes – hunt + er + s
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6. Free and bound morphemes
Free morpheme
Morphemes that can occur freely on their own
E.g. boy, book, computer
Bound morpheme
Morphemes that must be attached to another element.
Boy – free morpheme – it can be a single word morpheme.
Boys
S – bound morpheme - it must be attached to another morpheme – boy in order to become meaningful
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7. Derivational Morphemes
Derivational morphemes include : prefixation, suffixation or affixation
Prefix or suffix can alter the meaning of words but do not always change the class of the words.
Examples : beauty (n) + ful  beautiful (adj)
de + limit (v)  delimit (v)
The word resulted from the addition of derivational morpheme is called derived word.
The hierarchical organization of a word can be represented by a tree diagram
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8. Inflectional Morphemes
Inflectional morphemes only occur as suffix
Inflectional suffixes never involve a change of class.
Inflectional morphology occurs with nouns, pronouns and verbs
Inflectional morphemes only have grammatical function
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9. Noun Inflection suffixes
Plurality marker
- book  books
- chair  chairs
Possessive marker
- John  John’s book
- the men  the men’s books
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10. Verb inflection suffixes
Third personal present singular marker s
Bake – bakes
He bakes well
Past tense marker –ed
They waited
Progressive marker –ing
They are singing
Past participle marker –en and –ed
Eat – eaten
She has eaten dinner
Bake – baked
He has baked a cake
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11. Adjective inflection suffixes
Comparative markers
Short - shorter
Long - longer
Superlative markers
She has the shortest hair
Mary’s book is the biggest
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