1. MySpace, Facebook and YouTube: 21st Century Electronic Democracy in Action Hiltz Turoff Festschrift Cathy Dwyer

2. © Dwyer 20072 1960: Television Changes Politics Radio listeners though Nixon won this debate Candidates had to succeed on television in order to get elected First televised presidential debate

3. © Dwyer 20073 2008? How are candidates, political parties, advocacy groups and voters using the Internet for the 2008 presidential election? In one example, voters can submit video questions to YouTube for a Presidential Debate (file) (link)filelink Jackie and Dunlap of Red State Update

4. © Dwyer 20074 Asynchronous Politics Contribution of Network Nation was insight that computing technology provides new opportunities for dialogue It documented the move from synchronous communication towards “Conferencing” Processes can change in radical ways when opportunities for asynchronous dialogue are available 2008 – The Year of Asynchronous Politics

5. © Dwyer 20075 Televisionvs. Internet Synchronous Expensive Centralized – pundits define “success” Candidate must communicate through sound bites Meager source of fundraising (net loss of funds) Asynchronous Inexpensive Decentralized – attention is “viral” Candidates can provide videos of appearances, policy statements and discussion forums Half of candidates’ funds come from Internet (net gain of funds)

6. © Dwyer 20076 Internet campaigning Each candidate has an e- campaign director Candidates have blogs, web sites, YouTube sites, Facebook sites, and MySpace sites Use Eventful Can target audiences More informal More opportunities and forums to get out their message Ron Paul’s Eventful page Barak Obama uses LinkedIn to connect to business professionals

7. © Dwyer 20077 Follow Fred Thompson’s every move with Twitter

8. © Dwyer 20078 Widgets are everywhere! Hilary Clinton Duncan Hunter John McCain Barak Obama

9. © Dwyer 20079 MyBarak takes a turn from MySpace

10. © Dwyer 200710 What’s on YouTube? Videos can be posted by supporters -- like Obama Girl -- and detractors (file) (link)filelink Mashups like the Clinton/Apple Ad make an impactMashups Hilary is caught mangling the Star Spangled BannerHilary John Edwards cares about his hair (file) (link)link Views: 919,316 Views: 3,881,010

11. © Dwyer 200711 YouTube Provides Viral Outlet Quick distribution that is cheaper than TV Google trends saw spike of interest in Clinton after this video spoofing the last Sopranos episode was released (file) (link)Google trendsfilelink

12. © Dwyer 200712 Internet enables quantitative analysis Web analytics can capture impact of events TV pundits say McCain and Giuliani “won” 9/5/07 debate Viewers’ text messaging poll says Ron Paul won Who was right?

13. © Dwyer 200713 Fred Thompson declares 9/5/07 Ron Paul Internet traffic on candidate’s web sites, August-September 2007 (data from alexa.com) Little blip is evident for other candidates (like McCain and Giuliani) Fox Republican Debate, 9/5/07

14. © Dwyer 200714 Blog mentions – Sept. 2007 Ron Paul Fred Thompson

15. © Dwyer 200715 YouTube views Cumulative for 9/7/07 Ron Paul 3,778,389 Romney 2,067,594 Giuliani 656,838 McCain 559,167

16. © Dwyer 200716 What will the impact of the Internet be? Will the Internet support the long tail of politics, supporting more candidates then the past?long tail of politics Edwards has recovered from his hair fiasco McCain has recovered from fundraising problems But George Allen lost his 2004 election after his “Macaca” speech (file) (link)filelink

17. © Dwyer 200717 Where to watch: Google Trends techpresident.com Hitwise Election 2008 Data CenterHitwise Election 2008 Data Center Twitter Election Blogs MySpace Election 2008 techrepublican.com And Youtube!Youtube (file) (link)link

18. © Dwyer 200718 Do the numbers add up? Bush’s margin of victory in 2004: 3,012,499 votes Barak Obama’s friends on Facebook: 149,421, friends on MySpace: 178,508, channel views on YouTube: 11,202,339 Ron Paul’s YouTube channel views: 4,356,406

19. © Dwyer 200719 McCain’s favorite book is Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls

20. © Dwyer 200720 Signs of Change 60 Million in US used Internet to find political information (2006) Networked citizenry is showing its force www.youtube.com/youchoose

21. © Dwyer 200721 Candidate’s youtube sites John Edwards published his response to President Bush’s address on Iraq on YouTube (125,165 views)