1. 1 Artificial Intelligence 1.1 Definition:The branch of computer science(CS) that a-makes it possible to perceive (يفهم - يدرك), reason(يستنتج), and act(يفعل-يتخذ قرار). b-attempts to make SW & HW to produce results as those produced by people. c-tries to automate the intelligent behavior. reason perceive act

2. The American Association for Artificial Intelligence Definition of Artificial Intelligence : The scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines.

3. 1.2 General characteristics of AI Problems Input to problems: a- inexact, missing, or poorly defined information. b-huge amount of input information Solution characteristics: a-does not respond to algorithmic solutions, but depends on heuristic. b-not exact nor optimal solution is required.

5. 1.3 Some AI Application Areas Game Playing: needs heuristic search(بحث مرشّد). Expert Systems: relies mainly on the knowledge of a human domain expert. Machine Learning(قدرة الآلة على التعلم): To add a learning capability to machines. Training Simulators(محاكيات التدريب): like flight simulators. Pattern Recognition((التعرف على الانماط: To map patterns to objects. Computer vision(الرؤية بالحاسب): to allow a robot to recognize objects in different lighting environments. Robotics((الانسان الالي: to design machines that do some of the human tasks.