1. Presented by Henning Schulzrinne Columbia University http://www.cs.columbia.edu/dcc/marketnet

2. MarketNet Review 11/12/982 Resource Negotiation Infrastructure Reservation App end-to-end QoS assurance DM MarketNet Resource Access Layer Reservation Pricing/Acquisition

3. MarketNet Review 11/12/983 Resource Categories * Path resources l along data path(s): unicast or multicast l metrics: bandwidth, delay, jitter, loss - value & predictability l change of route  change of resources used l thus, in-band protocol l examples: RSVP, YESSIR, telephony * Point resources l servers (web, Internet telephony gateway, media translation, database, …)

4. MarketNet Review 11/12/984 Why Do We Need Negotiation? * Different objectives l Clients: maximize utility to reflect QoS and preferences; cost of interruption! l Providers: maximize revenue and stay competitive * Different information l Clients: traffic characteristic, service valuation, desired QoS l Providers: available service levels, capacity, total market demand

5. MarketNet Review 11/12/985 Main Schemes * Signaling method l Negotiation between resource managers l End-to-end signaling * Signaling protocol l Client: learns services and prices, makes service choice l Provider: signals services, capacity and price; accepts/rejects client request

6. MarketNet Review 11/12/986 Negotiation between Resource Managers DM Reservation Pricing/Acquisition Service Quotation Confirm / Reject Service Query Service Request

7. MarketNet Review 11/12/987 Service Parameters * Starting time: advance or immediate * Ending time: bounded or unbounded * Coverage: complete or partial reservation * Preemption: refund upon failure? cheaper with risk? * Granularity: single flow or aggregate * Service Class: guaranteed, control-load, BBE

8. MarketNet Review 11/12/988 Multimedia Utility Curves bandwidth utility 8 kb/s 128 kb/s (audio)

9. MarketNet Review 11/12/989 Pricing and System Survivability * Mechanisms for surviving resource loss l Unbounded duration  supply and demand equilibrium l Predictable duration  time of day difference pricing to smooth the demand l Short bounded duration with periodic refresh  quick recovery from resource scarcity) l Dynamic adjustment  quick response to resource changes, but highly variable QoS, disruption

10. MarketNet Review 11/12/9810 Pricing and System Survivability (cont’d) * Survive server failure l Replication l Distributed signaling instead of one server

11. MarketNet Review 11/12/9811 Pricing Strategies * Stable vs Dynamic l Flat rate l Usage sensitive (average use) l Peak use (MCI T3 pricing: 95% below) l Hedging  third party bears price uncertainty * Billing and payment l SAL l Extensions of RADIUS and DIAMETER (IETF)

12. MarketNet Review 11/12/9812 Path Price Discovery * RSVP l receiver-oriented l add $ to PATH message at each hop l different currencies? additive? how returned? multicast? l price complexity: non-linear, multi-parameter * YESSIR l sender-oriented, RTCP-based l gather price in SR as for RSVP; report in RR * Pricing per hop or per AD (BGP border routers) * Alternatives: Kelly congestion packet marking

13. MarketNet Review 11/12/9813 Milestone & Status * First cut design Q4, 1998 * Design complete Q1, 1999 * Proof of concept / Implementation Q2, 1999 * Integration with MarketNet Q3, 1999