1. From Sustainable Development to a Low Carbon Strategy on a local level (and how to combine environment and economy) The example of the City of Hannover (Germany)

2. Hans Mönninghoff since 1989Head of the City of Hannover Directorate of Environmental Affairs since 1997 also Deputy to the Lord Mayor in his function as Chief Executive since 2005also Head of Directorate of Economic Affairs –until 2013 re-elected in all three functions 1,700 employees, 370 Mio. Euro p.a. budget

3. Hans Mönninghoff in the political Structure of the City of Hannover 5 Directors of Services, appointed for 8-year terms by the City Council Heads of Directorates of: 1.Finance, legal services, civil registration and public order 2.Health, youth and social services 3.Arts and education 4.Economic and environmental affairs 5.City planning and civil engineering One of these 5 Directors is Deputy to the Lord Mayor in his Chief Executive function Hans Mönninghoff Deputy Chief Executive Director of Economic and Environmental Affairs City Council (64 Councillors), elected every 5 years Three Mayors from the three main political parties, with purely ceremonial functions Lord Mayor (directly elected every 8 years) also Chief Executive and a member of the City Council

4. Hannover: A Liveable City at the Heart of Europe Pop: 520,000 inhabitants (Region: 1.1 Mil.)

5. City of Hannover 204 km ² Capital and economic centre of Lower Saxony the world’s largest trade fair location 245.000 jobs in service industries (e.g. insurances) and manufacturing and processing industries (e.g. automobile) 35.000 students in famous universities

6. Hannover City 750 years old, For centuries, population only c. 30,000 19th century growing fast by industrialisation and migration from the countryside 95% of the centre destroyed by bombs in the 2nd World War Today a city with a excellent quality of life 50% of the cty’s space is green Since 20 years a political majority of Social-Democrats and Green-Party with strong engagement in Sustainability

7. Presentation Overview 1.Four challenges of sustainable development 2.Four important principles of Urban Planning as instrument of sustainable development 3.Three central fields of a Low Carbon Strategy as part of Local Sustainability 4.Three economic advantages

8. Four Challenges of Sustainable Development Sustainability is more than environmental policy stable population and social structures employment environmental quality, quality of life stable municipal finances

9. Challenge I Demographic Change 2005 - 2050  increase in the proportion of older residents  increase in the immigrant population (20% of the population) Therefore integration is a key issue in our work 2050 2005 age Women Men

10. Challenge II Employment currently 10.6% unemployment Jobs in the Hannover Region 1970 2005 manufacturing and processing industries 140,95247,100 service industries211,535311,400 others (e.g. retail)28,40015,600 totals380,887374,100

11. Challenge III Maintaining the Quality of Urban Life, Crucial Soft Location Factors Hannover - City of Gardens  Around 50% of the city area is greenspace, making a major contribution to the quality of urban life.  105 sqm of green space for each inhabitant  a good place to live:  culture  environment  urban lifestyle  amenities

12. Green space in the City of Hannover Grünfläche Wald Landwirtschaft Kleingärten Friedhof Sonderfläche Gewässer Freibad Sportfläche Stadtgrenze

13. Challenge IV Stable Municipal Finances income and expenditure must be balanced ! (1,580 billion €) income expenditure

14. Four Principles of Urban Planning as Part of a of Sustainable Development and low carbon strategy

15. Planning principle I all new building developments in the region only along existing rail routes

16. Planning principle II minimum out-of-town shopping centres encouraging car use support for city centre shopping local shops X

17. Planning principle III reutilisation of industrial wasteland; Hannover has extensive experience with decontamination of polluted sites. There is a movement of older people to the City from the Hinterland single-family-homes in the City, to keep young people here

18. Planning principle IV do not only look for low carbon strategies: also look for Socially Responsible Building 1970s high-rise blocks > serious social problems new homes on Kronsberg - terraced houses and max. four- storey apartment houses with max. 8 apartments per house

19. Three Important Areas of a Local Sustainability Policy as part of a Low Carbon Strategy - Transport - Waste - Energy

20. Why do we speak about low carbon strategies? CO2 emissions in t per capita today: The energy consumption in the developing countries will rise! The necessity is clear: In order to limit global warming to 2°C, industrial countries have to drastically reduce CO 2 emissions by 2050 to 2 t per capita. Otherwise we will be confronted with a climate catastrophe.

21. 1. Transport Hannover has a successful Long-Term Transport Plan with a good Modal Split 27% on foot 13% by bicycle 41% by car - today no more cars per household than 1995 (411 per 1,000 inhabitants) 17% by public transport

22. Far-sighted planning for cars has averted serious traffic problems. Ring road concept means no serious traffic congestion in the city centre. Only low-emission-cars are allowed in the Inner-City

23. above-average number of cyclists (for German conditions) 530 km of separate cycle paths in the city Cycling © Geoinformation Hannover 2008

24. very good Light Rail/U- Bahn network with 12 routes 63 Bus routes 933 km of Public Transport routes in the city 163 million Passengers per year in the region (+10% in the last 5 years) 160 Mil. € subsidies per year good connections with the train network Local Public Transport

25. The success: Air Pollution is going down improvements to air quality through successful transport policies stricter limits on industry and commerce

26. 2. Waste Mangment Waste Quantities in the City of Hannover waste avoidance (- 380,000 t) dumping of soil, building rubble, sewage sludge (- 340,000t) recycling of compost, organic waste (+ 72,000t) recycling of glass, paper, packaging and scrap metal (+ 41,700t) Decrease in waste-to-disposal from c. 1.000,000 to 200,000 tonnes p.a. in the city from 1990 to 2005!

27. Waste Treatment Concept for the Hannover Region from 2005 365,000 tonnes p.a. unavoidable and unrecyclable waste about 60% coarse fraction incinerated in a new waste-to-energy plant about 30% fine fraction biologically treated in a fermentation plant about 10% separated wood-fraction used in a special wood-fuelled power station

28. incinerator mechanical sorting and composting facility fermentation composting from the fermentation plant Waste Treatment Centre

29. Hannover is one of Germany’s leading climate protection regions. Energy is supplied by the ‘Stadtwerke‘ city utility, 76%-owned by the municipality 3. Energy The Climate Protection Region Hannover

30. 1986 City Council resolution: no nuclear power! Electricity generated by our own coal- and gas-fired power stations, some with district heating systems renewable energy technology (target 20% by the year 2020 at the latest)

31. 1990 – 2005: 7.5% reduction in CO 2 emissions achieved 2008: a new climate protection programme “Klima Allianz Hannover 2020” The Target: 40% reduction in CO 2 emissions (1990 - 2020)

32. CO 2 Audit for the City of Hannover, 1990 - 2005 CO 2 emissions 1990 in 1000 t * Change since 1990 Energy customers 84% Industry32% 2,102-12% -8.8% Small commercial27% 1,797-8% Private households25% 1,625-5% Transport 16% Motorised Traffic13% 836-6% -0.9% Rail2% 125-19% Air travel1%94+71% Totals: 6,579-7.5% *including upstream emissions e.g., from gas extraction in Russia

33. house insulation construction of Low Energy Houses high-efficiency heating systems e.g. decentral CHP plants extension of the district heating network electricity saving campaigns renewable energy use 5 million € per year in subsidies for: The ‘proKlima’ Fund, feed of: - 2 Mio. € additional charge on gas- sale of the utility - 2 Mio. € from the utility-profit - 1 Mio. € from the municipality

34. Energy-Optimized Houses from Low-Energy Houses 3,000 units built in 1998/1999) via Lowest Energy Houses: (15 KWh/sqm for Heating) to Climate Protection Estate 350 units with Zero Emissions: to start in 2010. From Kronsbergstandard via Passive houses to a Zero emission estate

35. CO 2 Reduction at Kronsberg CO 2 reduction: 60 %! (80 % by windenergie) CO 2 emissions in % quality education and assurance (about 10%) low energy house standard (about 20%) + cogeneration heating power plant (about - 20%) + electricity saving (-10%) + two wind turbine generators (-20%)

36.  Allround excellent thermal insulation (20-30 cm)  Houses are adjusted to the sun  Used, humid air from kitchen, bath and WC is exhausted by a ventilation system.  In the heat transfer it gives off its heat and then passes outside.  Fresh ambient air absorbs 90% of the heat and flows into the living areas.  On very cold days the fresh air is post-heated additionally – quite normal temperature. Heat transfer What is a "Passive house"?

37. Zero Emission Settlement “In der Rehre” 100 % CO 2 Reduction Residual compensation by a small Hydro Power Station nearby Electricity saving info. Renewable energies / CHP Covering whole area Passive houses (15 kWh/m²a) + Quality assurance Bricks Endenergie kWh/m² Domestic electricity Heat

38.  Built in 1910  Sustainably retrofitted, keeping maintenance costs low  Long-term rentable condition ensured  Passive House components increase living comfort while markedly reducing energy demands. Passive-House-Standard by Retrofitting Before modernisation After modernisation

39. In the Hannover Region 225 wind turbine generators 235 MW rating producing 420,000 MWh p.a. These wind turbines generate enough electricity for 155,000 households.

40. In the Hannover Region: around 2.000 solar installations for hot water around 250 bigger photovoltaic installations for electricity production; with the number growing rapidly... In the city: programme to rent out roofs of municipal buildings for private solar energy installations

41. Economic Advantage 1: more local purchasing power In 2005 Hannover’s private households spent around 220 million € on gas and oil, most of which came from abroad. Reducing these imports will increase local purchasing power considerably.

42. Economic Advantage II: a stronger regional craft industries Investment in and technologies for climate protection stimulate a dynamic added-value chain for the regional craft trades and businesses - an important job motor for the local economy.

43. Economic Advantage III: more jobs ! In the Hannover region there are already 3,000 people working in climate protection. In Germany jobs in wind energy is rising from 45.000 (in 2004) to 106.000 (in 2009) Worldwide more than 2 Mio. jobs in the solar- industry in the next 20 years (greenpeace-study) It is funny to read in THE AUSTRALIAN, Sept.14 th 2009, The union- leader Tony Maher says “Green jobs are dopey”

44. There is a lot to do ! G20 low carbon competitiveness Report of the Climate Institute ( Sep. 2009) Australia is ranked 15th out of 19 industrial countries and is the lowest of the Annex I countries of the Kyoto Protocol The GDP per tonne of CO2 is very different in the countries (intelligent use of energy) Australia0,8 Germany2,0 Japan3,6

45. Economic growth and sustainable development are not contradictions: Sustainable development means that economic, ecological and social issues are harmonised. Economic and ecology are not adversaries; they enhance each other’s potential. Better environmental standards and quality of life are important soft factors for the economic development of a city and a nation.

46. Thank you! further information: www.sustainable-hannover.de www.hans-moenninghoff.de