1. The Right to Counsel: The Truth, The Whole Truth and Nothing But the Truth Suzanne Costom, Shadley Battista, s.e.n.c November 22, 2011 Une pensée d’avance – Think Ahead

2. INTRODUCTION It’s just not like in the movies. It’s just not like in the movies.

3. Sources The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Section 10 (b): Everyone has the right on arrest or detention: (a) to be informed promptly of the reasons therefor; (b) to retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right; and (c)to have the validity of the detention determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if the detention is not lawful. Link between 10(a) and (b) – R. v. Black, [1989] 2 S.C.R. 138 at para 24.

4. The reason for the right  Trial fairness: Clarkson v. The Queen, [1986] 1 S.C.R. 383 at para 17 Clarkson v. The Queen, [1986] 1 S.C.R. 383 at para 17  Information and the relationship with other constitutionally protected rights R v. Manninen, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 1233 at para 23 R v. Manninen, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 1233 at para 23 R. v. Whittle, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 914 at 29 R. v. Whittle, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 914 at 29  Free Choice R. v. Willier, [2010 ] 2 S.C.R. 429 at paras 26 et seq. R. v. Willier, [2010 ] 2 S.C.R. 429 at paras 26 et seq. R. v. Bartle, [1994] 3 S.C.R 173 at para 16 R. v. Bartle, [1994] 3 S.C.R 173 at para 16 R. Whittle, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 914 at 30 R. Whittle, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 914 at 30

5. The content of the right to counsel  Informational  Implementational

6. Informational  Availability of Legal Aid and Duty Counsel: R. v. Brydges, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 190; R. v. Bartle, [1994] 3 S.C.R. 173 R. v. Brydges, [1990] 1 S.C.R. 190; R. v. Bartle, [1994] 3 S.C.R. 173  Change of Circumstances R. v. Black [1989] 2 S.C.R. 138 at 152-53; R. v. Evans, [2004] 3 S.C.R. 59 R. v. Black [1989] 2 S.C.R. 138 at 152-53; R. v. Evans, [2004] 3 S.C.R. 59  Language R. v. Mann, [2004] 3 S.C.R. 59 at para 21 [re: s. 10(a)] R. v. Mann, [2004] 3 S.C.R. 59 at para 21 [re: s. 10(a)] R. v. Evans, [1991] 1 S.C.R. 869 R. v. Evans, [1991] 1 S.C.R. 869  Timing – arrest or detention R. v. Suberu, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 460 at paras 37 et seq. R. v. Suberu, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 460 at paras 37 et seq. R. v. Grant, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 353. R. v. Grant, [2009] 2 S.C.R. 353.

7. Implementational  Provide a reasonable opportunity to exercise the right to counsel R. v. Manninen, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 1233 at para 21. R. v. Manninen, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 1233 at para 21. R v. Willier, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 429 R v. Willier, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 429  Refrain from eliciting evidence (“hold off”) until the arrested or detained person has had a “reasonable opportunity” to exercise the right R. v. Manninen, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 1233 at para 23. R. v. Manninen, [1987] 1 S.C.R. 1233 at para 23. R. v. Ross,[1989] 1 S.C.R. 3. R. v. Ross,[1989] 1 S.C.R. 3. R. v. Sinclair, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 310 at paras 47 et seq. R. v. Sinclair, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 310 at paras 47 et seq.  Privacy R. v. Playford (1987), 40 C.C.C. (3d) 142 (Ont C.A.) R. v. Playford (1987), 40 C.C.C. (3d) 142 (Ont C.A.)

8. IMPLEMENTIONAL (cont)  More than one call R. v. Loutit, [1974] M.J. 76 (C.A.) R. v. Loutit, [1974] M.J. 76 (C.A.) R. v. Pavel (1989), 36 O.AC. 328 (C.A.) R. v. Pavel (1989), 36 O.AC. 328 (C.A.)  Onus on individuals to be “reasonably diligent” in exercising their rights R. v. Tremblay,[1987] 2 S.C.R. 435 R. v. Tremblay,[1987] 2 S.C.R. 435 *Interplay between the Informational and Implementational Components of s. 10(b): R. v. Prosper, [1994] 3 S.C.R. 236 R. v. Prosper, [1994] 3 S.C.R. 236 R. v. Sinclair, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 310. R. v. Sinclair, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 310.

9. Recent Developments on the Implementational Component of the Right to Counsel: The Sinclair trilogy  R. v. Sinclair, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 310  R. v. McCrimmon, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 402  R. v. Willier, [2010] 2 S.C.R. 429

10. The Truth about The Right to Counsel  Multiple Consultations? Not usually ( Sinclair ) Not usually ( Sinclair ) Police tactics? ( R. v. Burlingham, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 206) Police tactics? ( R. v. Burlingham, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 206)  Counsel of Choice? Within reason ( Willier ) Within reason ( Willier )  Presence of Counsel No ( Sinclair ) No ( Sinclair )

11. Conclusion – What to Do When The Client Calls Speak to the investigator so you know what charges your client is facing and the strength of the evidence. Speak to the investigator so you know what charges your client is facing and the strength of the evidence. Don’t merely recite the right to silence – explain what that meansDon’t merely recite the right to silence – explain what that means Explain the need to be diligent in asserting their rightsExplain the need to be diligent in asserting their rights Explain potential interrogation techniquesExplain potential interrogation techniques