1. Computer Games: History and Content Presented by Barry Dean UWE

2. Game Genres n Shooters n Strategy n Sports n Adventure n World Control

3. Elements of Game Content n Environment n Players and Enemies n Animation n Visuals and Textures n Sound n FX n A.I. n Deployment

4. Some Game History

5. Late 1970s saw the emergence of dedicated arcade consoles

6. Atari Games System

7. The 1980s gave rise to the ‘Home Micro’ Market The 1980s

8. 1980s - microcomputers n Atari n BBC Microcomputer system n Commodore 16 & 64 u machines able to be programmed by user - many arcade games ported to 8 bit platform. u ‘home micro’ largest selling item Christmas 1986

9. 1980s

10. 1980s:Sinclair ZX Spectrum

11. 1980s: Commodore 64

12. 1980s: BBC Micro

13. 1980s: BBC Master 128 (1986)

14. 1980s:Games: Chuckie Egg

15. 1980s:Games:Felix

16. 1980s:Games:Pole Position

17. 1980s:Games:Frogger

18. Nintendo Game Boy (1989)

19. 1990s- Technology Driven n 16 Bit, consoles- Nintendo, Sega n PC emerges as a gaming platform (DOS) - Wolfenstein 3D, Doom n 32 bit Sony Playstation - software now in CD format - console also CD Player n Microsoft develop DirectX in an attempt to challenge the games console market n Internet provides for on-line games culture

20. 1990s:Nintendo

21. 1990s Nintendo Games

22. Nintendo Games: Tetris

23. Super Nintendo (SNES)

24. Sega

25. Sega Games: Sonic the Hedgehog

26. Sega:Batman

27. 1990s:Sony PlayStation 32-bit + CD Player

28. Sony PlayStation games

29. 1990s:Sega Saturn

30. Game Consoles n Know capabilities for developers n Standard graphics environment n Standard sound n No deployment issues u But not scaleable

31. 1990s What about the PC? n 1990 still an ‘MSDOS world’ on the PC n Game complexity increases and even require start-up disc to load game. n Windows 3.1.1 (1992) - no real gaming n Mid 1990s sees move towards better game support on PC under the new Windows 95 OS via ‘Game SDK’

32. Game SDK n Microsoft's solution to gaming for the Windows 32bit OS n First appeared in 1995 as the ‘Game SDK’ n Renamed to DirectX where X stands for a number of related ‘to the metal’ technologies.

33. DirectX n Direct3D (Real-time 3D) n DirectShow (Media Streaming) n DirectInput -force feedback joystick n DirectSound n DirectPlay (network gaming)

34. Principles of DirectX n Fast low-level libraries n Framework established by DirectX had to shift the burden of hardware support from developers to hardware manufacturers n Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) n Hardware Emulation Layer (HEL) n Provides developers with a known, dependable set of features they can use

35. Examples of DirectX n DirectX SDK (version 9.0b) n http://msdn.microsoft.com/directx/

36. PC Gaming provides for user -created content development so called ‘MODS’ n Creating new levels, players, and game scenarios n The game Counter Strike developed as MOD of the commercial game Half-Life

37. Open GL (Apple Mac) n Introduced in 1992 n Open GL = Open Graphics Library n High performance cross-platform graphics API n Specification and evolution guided by the OpenGL Architecture Review Board n Integrates with several languages n Open source code for developers

38. 21st Century:State of the Art...

39. 21st Century:Sony PlayStation 2

40. 21st Century :Microsoft X Box

41. 21st Century :Nintendo Game Cube

42. 21st Century :Mobile Gaming

43. 21st Century :2005 Sony PSP

44. Suggested Reading High Score The illustrated History of Electronic Games - 2nd Edition DeMaria R. Wilson J. Osborne 2004

45. URLs n http://msdn.microsoft.com n http://www.genesis3d.com n http://www.openwatcom.org n http://www.darkbasic.com n http://www.brackeen.com/javagamebook/