1. 1 Working with Webservices Nilanjan Banerjee Mobile Systems Programming University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR nilanjan.banerjee@gmail.com

2. Some of the simple web based services you would use! Writing data to a database Querying data from a database Map queries (extracting maps, geocoding, reverse geocoding)

3. Other advanced webservices? Optical Character Recognition System (OCR) Relay services and Rendezvous Services Speech to Text Service

4. General architecture for accessing databases Mobile Phone Intermediary Script (php, perl etc) Backend database

5. Sending simple text data from a Mobile phone (Server side) –Adding userinfo --- username and password $firstname = $_REQUEST["firstname"]; $lastname = $_REQUEST["lastname"]; $username = $_REQUEST["username"]; $fpassword = $_REQUEST["fpassword"]; require_once('db.inc.php'); $insertquery="INSERT INTO table_name (first_name, last_name, user_name, fpassword) VALUES ('$firstname', '$lastname', '$username', '$fpassword’)"; $result = mysql_query($insertquery); mysql_close(); <? $user=”XXX"; $password=”YYY"; $database="weedidapp"; $host="mpss.csce.uark.edu"; mysql_connect($host,$user,$password); @mysql_select_db($database) or die( "Unable to select database"); ?> - db.inc.php

6. Authenticating userinfo (server side) <?php foreach ($_GET as $key => $value) { eval("\$". $key. " = \"". $value. "\";");} $username = $_REQUEST["username"]; $fpassword = $_REQUEST["fpassword"]; require_once('db.inc.php'); $query="SELECT * from table where user_name='$username' AND fpassword='$fpassword'"; $result = mysql_query($query); if($result && mysql_numrows($result)>0) echo "y”; else echo "n”; mysql_close(); ?> –Check that the username password is present in the database –Note that this is all in plaintext. Ideally you would create a MD5 hash of the password and store the hash

7. Adding text to a mysql database $latitude = $_REQUEST[”latitude"]; $longitude = $_REQUEST[”longitude"]; require_once('db.inc.php'); $insertquery="INSERT INTO table_name (latitude, longitude) VALUES (’$latitude', '$longitude’)"; $result = mysql_query($insertquery); mysql_close(); –Send the data encoded in the url For e.g., http://www.csce.uark.edu/~nilanb/insertdb.php?latitude=“-31.5”;longitude=“- 94.6” –The url is parsed by the php script and a hashtable with pairs are extraced _REQUEST[“latitude”] = -31.5 _REQUEST[“longitude”] = -94.6

8. Retrieving text from a mysql server and sending it back mysql_select_db("locationgame",$con); $list = mysql_list_tables("locationgame"); $i = 0; $idarray = array(); $latarray = array(); $longarray = array(); $count = 0; while($i < mysql_num_rows($list)) { $tb_names[$i] = mysql_tablename($list,$i); $sql = "SELECT * FROM $tb_names[$i] order by Date desc limit 1"; $result = mysql_query($sql, $con); $num = mysql_numrows($result); $j = 0; while($j < $num) { $fielddate=mysql_result($result,$j,"Date"); $fieldlatitude = mysql_result($result, $j, "Latitude"); $fieldlongitude = mysql_result($result, $j, "Longitude"); $phpdate = strtotime($fielddate); $dist = distance($fieldlatitude, $fieldlongitude, $latitude, $longitude); $idarray[] = $tb_names[$i]; $latarray[] = $fieldlatitude; $longarray[] = $fieldlongitude; $count ++; $j++; } $i++; } for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {print "$idarray[$i] ”; print "$latarray[$i] ”; print "$longarray[$i] ”; print "\n”;} mysql_close($con);

9. Code on the phone httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 91 httppost = new HttpPost(php_script);; 92 // Add your data 93 nameValuePairs = new ArrayList (2); 94 nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("UserEmail", name.trim())); 95 nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("Password", pass.trim())); 96 httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs)); 97 98 // Execute HTTP Post Request 99 response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 100 inputStream = response.getEntity().getContent(); 101 102 data = new byte[256]; 103 104 buffer = new StringBuffer(); 105 int len = 0; 106 while (-1 != (len = inputStream.read(data)) ) 107 { 108 buffer.append(new String(data, 0, len)); 109 } 110 111 inputStream.close();

10. Uploading images to a mysql server php script Phone database folder Name of image and attributes enter where image is stored and its Characteristics (size etc) Send actual images store Image in a folder

11. Schematic for upload of images Image Bitmap ByteArray OutputStream byte String (Base64 encoded) String binary (Base64 decoded) image Android Server

12. Uploading images to the server <?php $base=$_REQUEST['image']; echo $base;// base64 encoded utf-8 string $binary=base64_decode($base);// binary, utf-8 bytes header('Content-Type: bitmap; charset=utf-8’); $file = fopen('test.jpg', 'wb'); fwrite($file, $binary);fclose($file); echo ' '; ?>

13. Sending images from the phone 29 byte [] byte_arr = stream.toByteArray(); 30 String image_str = Base64.encodeBytes(byte_arr); 31 ArrayList nameValuePairs = new ArrayList (); 32 33 nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("image",image_str)); 34 35 try{ 36 HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 37 HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(php_script); 38 httppost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs)); 39 HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 40 String the_string_response = convertResponseToString(response); 42 }catch(Exception e){ }

14. Sending images from the phone (Response) String res = ""; StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer(); inputStream = response.getEntity().getContent(); 53 int contentLength = (int) response.getEntity().getContentLength(); 55 if (contentLength < 0){ 56 } 57 else{ 58 byte[] data = new byte[512]; 59 int len = 0; 60 try 61 { 62 while (-1 != (len = inputStream.read(data)) ) 63 { 64 buffer.append(new String(data, 0, len)); 65 } 66 } 67 catch (IOException e) 68 {} 71 try 72 { 73 inputStream.close(); 74 } 75 catch (IOException e) 76 {} 79 res = buffer.toString();. 83 } 84 return res; 85 }

15. SMS Sending STEP 1 –In the AndroidManifest.xml file, add the two permissions - SEND_SMS and RECEIVE_SMS. STEP 2 –In the main.xml, add Text view to display "Enter the phone number of recipient“ and "Message" –EditText with id txtPhoneNo and txtMessage –Add the button ID "Send SMS“

16. SMS Sending Step 3 Import Classes and Interfaces import android.app.Activity; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.telephony.SmsManager; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.EditText; import android.widget.Toast;

17. SMS Sending Step 4 Write the SMS class public class SMS extends Activity { Button btnSendSMS; EditText txtPhoneNo; EditText txtMessage; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); btnSendSMS = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSendSMS); txtPhoneNo = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtPhoneNo); txtMessage = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.txtMessage); btnSendSMS.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { String phoneNo = txtPhoneNo.getText().toString(); String message = txtMessage.getText().toString(); if (phoneNo.length()>0 && message.length()>0) sendSMS(phoneNo, message); else Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Please enter both phone number and message.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } Input from the user (i.e., the phone no, text message and sendSMS is implemented).

18. SMS Sending Step 5 ◦ To send an SMS message, you use the SmsManager class. And to instantiate this class call getDefault() static method. ◦ The sendTextMessage() method sends the SMS message with a PendingIntent. ◦ The PendingIntent object is used to identify a target to invoke at a later time. private void sendSMS(String phoneNumber, String message) { PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, new Intent(this, SMS.class), 0); SmsManager sms = SmsManager.getDefault(); sms.sendTextMessage(phoneNumber, null, message, pi, null); }

19. SMS Sending

20. Receiving SMS Step 1

21. Receiving SMS Step 2 –In the AndroidManifest.xml file add the element so that incoming SMS messages can be intercepted by the SmsReceiver class. <action android:name= "android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED" />

22. Receiving SMS Step 3 import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.telephony.SmsMessage; import android.widget.Toast;

23. Receiving SMS Step 4 public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { //---get the SMS message passed in--- Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras(); SmsMessage[] msgs = null; String str = ""; if (bundle != null){ //---retrieve the SMS message received--- Object[] pdus = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus"); msgs = new SmsMessage[pdus.length]; for (int i=0; i<msgs.length; i++) { msgs[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])pdus[i]); str += "SMS from " + msgs[i].getOriginatingAddress(); str += " :"; str += msgs[i].getMessageBody().toString(); str += "\n"; } //---display the new SMS message--- Toast.makeText(context, str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } In the SmsReceiver class, extend the BroadcastReceiver class and override the onReceive() method. The message is attached to the Intent The messages are stored in a object array PDU format. To extract each message, you use the static createFromPdu() method from the SmsMessage class. The SMS message is then displayed using the Toast class

24. Receiving SMS