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Chapter 2 – Operational Amplifiers
Introduction Textbook CD
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The OP-AMP Terminals Symbol Power Supplies Exercise 2.1
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The Ideal OP-AMP _ Open-loop gain Exercise 2.2 i(-) Inverting RO vid A
-VS vid Inverting Noninverting Output + _ i(-) i(+) vO = Advid RO A Ri Open-loop gain Exercise 2.2
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Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS
The Inverting Configuration Closed-Loop Gain Virtual Short-Circuit Virtual Ground Negative and Positive Feedback The inverting closed-loop configuration.
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Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS The Closed-Loop Gain
Analysis of the inverting configuration
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Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS
Effect of Finite Open-Loop Gain
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Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS
Example 2.1
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Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS
Input and Output Resistances
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Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS
Example 2.2
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Analysis of Circuits Containing Ideal OP-AMPS
Exercises
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Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration
With General Impedances
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Other Applications of the Inverting Configuration
Example 2.3
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A difference amplifier.
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Applications of superposition to the analysis of the current circuit of Fig.. 2.21.
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Finding the input resistance of the difference amplifier.
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Representation of the common-mode and differential components of the input signal to a difference amplifier. Note that v1 = vCM - vd/2 and v2 = vCM + vd/2.
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(a) A popular circuit for an instrumentation amplifier
(a) A popular circuit for an instrumentation amplifier. (b) Analysis of the circuit in (a) assuming ideal op-amps. (c) To make the gain variable, R1 is implemented as the series combination of a fixed resister R1f and a variable resistor R1v. Resistor R1f ensures that the maximum available gain is limited.
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Open-loop gain of a typical general-purpose internally compensated op amp.
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(a) Unity-gain follower. (b) Input step waveform
(a) Unity-gain follower. (b) Input step waveform. (c) Linearly rising output waveform obtained when the amplifier is slew-rate limited. (d) Exponentially rising output waveform obtained when V is sufficiently small so that the initial slope (wtV) is smaller then or equal to SR.
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Effect of slew-rate limiting on output sinusoidal waveforms.
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