1. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Extra Solar Planets Geoff Bower

2. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Radial Velocity Detection of Exoplanets

3. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Exoplanet Statistics from Radial Velocity Variations

4. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Transits HD 209458 Henry et al 1999

5. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007

7. Requirements for Transit Detection of Earth Photometric sensitivity ~ 10^-5 Nstars >> 10^3 Time resolution ~ hours Duration ~ years Continuous viewing

8. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 TrES Transiting Extrasolar Planet Search 3 x 10 cm telescopes 6 x 6 deg FOV V< 16 mag 0.005 mag in 10 minutes

9. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 TrES-2 Planet in Kepler Field T=2.5 days M=1.3 MJup R=1.2 MJup O’Donovan et al 2006

10. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 All Transiting Planets Charbonneau et al 2006

11. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 TreS-1 HD 209458 Star spot causes bump

12. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Scintillation Noise TrES Dunham et al 2004 Dravins et al 1997 < 1sec

13. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Kepler

14. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Kepler Observing Program 4 years Continuous observing 100 square degrees 1.4m mirror/0.95 m corrector 2” pixels 42 x 1024 x 2200 pixels Photometry for 100,00 stars

15. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Photometry for 100,000 Stars Subset of pixels selected from photometry Integrated for 15 minutes Smaller subset with 1 minute integrations  10^7 measurements/day x ~10-100 pixels/star –  GB/day

16. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Poisson Noise ~ 1/sqrt(Nphotons) Poisson noise sets mirror size Stellar variability is the big unknown and factor to be controlled

17. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Basri et al 2005 450,000 stars brighter than 15 th mag

18. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Most Stars Are Inactive

19. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Solar Variability

20. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Hall et al 2007

21. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Stellar Variability

22. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Variability Limits on Planet Size

23. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Simulated Transit Matched filter search

24. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Semi-major axis 1500 Earth mass planets detected in first year 4500 in four years Assuming 3 terrestrial planets/star

25. The Transient Universe: AY 250 Spring 2007 Planet Detection Validation 7 sigma detection (total) in >=4 transits Period constant to 10 ppm from at least 3 transits Duration, depth, shape consistent Star centroid the same in and out of transit –Reject background eclipsing star Radial velocity follow-up consistent High resolution imaging