1. Virology Introduction to the viruses

2. Edward Jenner Vaccinations Cowpox  cross protection against small pox Variola virus  Major  Blisters  Blindness  Death  Minor Poxviridae dsDNA

3. Viruses Define Classification  Group NA  Family -viridae  Genus -virus  Species Name

5. Host Affinity Specific  Host  Cell type General Examples  Bacteriophage  Viroid (plant)

6. Host Range: Plants

7. Host Range: Bacteria

8. Host Range: Animals

9. Animal Virus Examples

10. Viral Culture Culture  Bacteria  Chick Embryos  Cell/Tissue Purified Assays  Hemagglutination  Plaque

12. Viral Characteristics Acellular Infectious Phases  Extracellular  Intracellular Viron structure  Nucelocapsid Capsid NA  +/- Envelope

13. Viral Morphology Size  10-400 nm Structural components  Nucleocapsid  Envelope (+/-) Classifications  NA  ss or ds

14. Size

15. Viral Capsid Function  Protect NA  Aids in transfer to host Structure  Protein coat  Capsomere arrange Helical Polyhedral Complex

16. Polyhedral Capsids

17. Capsomeres are capsid subunits

18. Naked vs. Enveloped Viruses

19. Viral Envelope Presence  Enveloped  Naked (non-enveloped) Location  Surrounds capsid Source  Host plasma membrane  Nuclear membrane  Endoplasmic reticulum Components  Phospholipid  Proteins  Glycoprotein spikes (+/-) Examples  Influenza  Rabies  Herpes  HIV

20. Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes

21. Viral NA DNA OR RNA Shape  Circular  Linear Number  One  Or more Strands  ss  ds  + or - if RNA

22. Viral Classification dsDNA  Small pox  Herpes  Papilloma ssDNA  Parvo dsRNA  Rotavirus +ssRNA  Polio  Rhino  Corona -ssRNA  Measles, mumps  Rabies  Influenza Retroviruses  HIV

23. Bacteriophage Life Cycle Lytic  Attach and entry  Synthesis  Assembly  Lysis Lysogenic  Attach and entry  NA in chromosome  Binary fission  Renters lytic phase Synthesis Assembly Lysis

24. Lytic

25. Bacteriophage Lytic Cycle animation

26. Lysogenic

27. Specialized Transduction

28. Bacteriophage Cycle

29. Phage Cycle Summary

30. Viral Replication Differences

31. Viral Infections

32. Replication of Animal Viruses Attach Entry  Direct Penetration  Membrane fusion  Endocytosis Uncoating Synthesis Assembly Release

33. Viral Attachment

34. Direct

35. Endocytosis vs. Membrane Fusion

36. Release of Genome (uncoating) Endosome formation pH drop due to H+ pump Fusion peptide to PM Conformational change Release of NA Adenovirus uncoating Influenza Virus

37. NA synthesis dsDNA: usual replication (for most) ssDNA  complementary strand  Normal replication dsRNA  + strand = mRNA  Template and copy +ssRNA  + strand = mRNA  Complimentary strand for template -ssRNA  Viral enzymes make + strand  Template for mRNA and -ss Retroviruses  +ssRNA (mRNA to make DNA)  Reverse transcriptase  DNA is template for new +ssRNA

39. DNA Virus Biosynthesis

40. RNA Virus

41. Retroviruses

42. Viral Assembly DNA  Nucleus  Moves to cytoplasm RNA  cytoplasm

43. Use of ER and Golgi Herpes

44. Viral Release Types  Budding Acquire membranes envelope  Exocytosis  Lysis Latency

45. Budding

46. Viral Exocytosis

47. Viral Lysis

48. Viral Damage

49. Viral Transmission

50. Acute vs. Latent

51. Viral Infections

53. Viruses and Cancer Definitions  Oncogenes  Activation Mutation Transduction Tumor  Types Benign Malignant  Characteristics Examples  DNA Adenovirus Herpes Poxviruses Papoviruses Hepadenaviruses  RNA Retroviruses  HIV  HTLV

54. Immune Response Adaptive Immunity

55. Anti-Viral Drugs Attachment antagonists  Block attachment molecule Arildone Inhibit Uncoating  Neutralize acid environment Amantadine Rimantadine Inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis  Activation by phosphorylation of drug by viral kinases Acyclovir Gancyclovir

56. Prions Infectious proteins Structure  Insoluble  Beta pleated sheet PrPc  PrPsc Affects NS  Fibrils  Vacuoles (spongy) Examples  BSE  CJD  Scrapie  Kuru

57. Prion Production

58. Viral/Prion Related Diseases ALZ MS Parkinsons ALS DM RA Hepatitis SLE Neoplasia

59. Other Proposed Viral Diseases

60. Questions?