1. Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators ECE5320 Mechatronics Assignment#01: Literature Survey on Sensors and Actuators Topic: Memristor Prepared by: Jeremy Hubbard Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Utah State University E: j.l.hubbard@aggiemail.usu.edu; F: (435)797-3054 (ECE Dept.) 3/7/2008

2. DISCLAIMER This device is not an actuator, but is a basic passive circuit element like a capacitor or an inductor. In the future it may be used in many actuators, but it is still in the development phase.

3. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-3 Outline –Reference list –To probe further –Major applications –History of the memristor –Basic working principle illustrated –Describing equations –Types of memristors found –Limitations

4. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-4 Reference list Memristor-The Missing Circuit Element, Leon O. Chua, Senior Member, IEEE, IEEE Transactions On Circuit Theory, Vol. ct-18, no. 5, September 1971 A Note on Memristors, George F. Oster, Letters To The Editor, IEEE Transactions On Circuit Theory, January 1974 http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2008/apr- jun/memristor.html

5. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-5 Reference list (cont) Kriegerand, J.H.; Spitzer, S.M.: Non-traditional, non-volatile memory based on switching and retention phenomena in polymeric thin films Pershin, Yuriy V; Di Ventra, Massimiliano (2008), "Spin memristive systems: Spin memory effects in semiconductor spintronics"

6. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-6 To explore further R.Colin Johnson,“'Missing link' memristor created: Rewrite the textbooks?”, EETimes –http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArti cle.jhtml?articleID=207403521 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memristor

7. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-7 Major applications Non-volatile RAM Neural Synapse Model Anything, the applications just need to be discovered

8. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-8 History of the memristor 1971- Dr. Leon O. Chua theorized the existence of a device and labeled it the memristor, he also built a device that simulates the behavior of a memristor and wrote the defining equations. 1976- Leon Chua and Sung Mo Kang publish "Memristive Devices and Systems" 1967-2007- many papers published by many different people noting the properties of memristance but no mention is made of a memristor

9. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-9 History of the memristor (cont) 2008- Dmitri Strukov, Gregory Snider, Duncan Stewart, and Stan Williams publish"The missing memristor found" in Nature journal, this is the first article which makes the connection between a memristor and the hysteretic switching noted by many throughout the years. 2008-present- Continued development and exploration of the memristor device and its associated properties.

10. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-10 Basic Working Principle A memristor is a non- linear resistor, a resistor whose resistance changes over time based on the amount of current that has passed through it. PHOTO: R. Stanley Williams

11. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-11 Basic Working Principle As with a pipe example –A resistor is like a pipe whose diameter is constant and limits the water flow through it accordingly. –A memristor is like a pipe which has the property that if water flows through it in one direction the diameter shrinks and if it flows in the other direction it expands and once water stops flowing through it, it remains the same size until water starts flowing again.

12. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-12 Describing equations

13. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-13 Types of memristors found Titanium dioxide memristor –Doesn't use Magnetic Flux as suggested by Chua. –Uses a chemical medium which allows charge carriers to drift based on the current through the device –composed of a thin (50 nm) titanium dioxide film between two 5 nm thick electrodes, one Ti, the other Pt, as charge passes through the electrodes the oxygen drifts changing the resistance until the current changes direction.

14. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-14 Types of memristors found (cont) Polymeric memristor –Similar to the TiO2 in operation –Uses organic materials and polymers to create the memristive effect. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=01380823

15. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-15 Types of memristors found (cont) Spin memristive systems –Uses the spin of an electron to more accurately model the ideal properties of a memristor. –Semiconductor/half- metal junction is used to spin the electrons http://physics.ucsd.edu/~diventra/Memristorpubfinal.pdf

16. 03/03/09 ECE5320 Mechatronics. Assignment#1 Survey on sensors and actuators Slide-16 Limitations As this is an extremely new technology, the only limitation is what you make.