2. Step Up To: Discovering Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D. From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 4e Worth Publishers (2007) From: Hockenbury & Hockenbury Discovering Psychology 4e Worth Publishers (2007)

3. Chapter 10: Personality Freudian Slips Deal with your feelings! Use your head! Traits and States Take a Test

4. 100 200 300 400 500 Freudian Slips

5. 100 200 300 400 500 Deal with your feelings!

6. 100 200 300 400 500 Use your head!

7. 100 200 300 400 500 Traits and States

8. 100 200 300 400 500 Take a Test

9. 1. Freud’s technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and images as they come to mind is called ___. A) psychoanalysis B) dream interpretation C) free association D) psychotherapy A) psychoanalysis B) dream interpretation C) free association D) psychotherapy

10. 2. According to Freud, “I want it, and I want it now,” refers to the part of the personality called the: A) superego. B) id. C) ego. D) eros. A) superego. B) id. C) ego. D) eros.

11. 3. Threatened by his own attraction to other males, Mr. Jones leads an active campaign against gay rights. He is displaying the ego defense mechanism called ___. A) denial B) reaction formation C) sublimation D) displacement A) denial B) reaction formation C) sublimation D) displacement

12. 4.Jung believed that the deepest part of the individual psyche is that which is shared by all people, called: A) identification. B) fixation. C) the Oedipus complex. D) the collective unconscious. A) identification. B) fixation. C) the Oedipus complex. D) the collective unconscious.

13. 5. According to Freud, in the film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, the Cowardly Lion, the Tin Woodsman, and the Scarecrow are all: A) psychosexual stages of development. B) ego defense mechanisms. C) archetypes. D) dream interpretations. A) psychosexual stages of development. B) ego defense mechanisms. C) archetypes. D) dream interpretations.

14. 6. According to Rogers, the most basic human motive is the innate drive to maintain and enhance, called: A) the actualizing tendency. B) the self-concept. C) aggressive instincts. D) the sense of self. A) the actualizing tendency. B) the self-concept. C) aggressive instincts. D) the sense of self.

15. 7. Humanistic psychologists differed from psychoanalytic theorists in their focus on: A) reinforced behaviors. B) unconscious motives. C) the healthy personality. D) early childhood influences. A) reinforced behaviors. B) unconscious motives. C) the healthy personality. D) early childhood influences.

16. 8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I still love and value you.” This attitude shows that a parent has ___ for his/her child. A) actualizing tendency B) unconditional positive regard C) compassionate parenting D) conditional positive regard A) actualizing tendency B) unconditional positive regard C) compassionate parenting D) conditional positive regard

17. 9. Rogers believed that the fully functioning person: A) is likely to be creative and spontaneous. B) enjoys harmonious relationships with others. C) has self-awareness and free-will. D) demonstrates all of the above. A) is likely to be creative and spontaneous. B) enjoys harmonious relationships with others. C) has self-awareness and free-will. D) demonstrates all of the above.

18. 10. Which of the following is a major criticism of the humanistic perspective? A) It minimizes the destructive side of human nature. B) It has no relevance to psychotherapy. C) It discounts the idea of a healthy personality. D) It is based solely on childhood memories and conflicts. A) It minimizes the destructive side of human nature. B) It has no relevance to psychotherapy. C) It discounts the idea of a healthy personality. D) It is based solely on childhood memories and conflicts.

19. 11. Bandura explains behavior and personality as being caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. This process is called: A) self-efficacy. B) social cognitive theory. C) social-cultural psychology. D) reciprocal determinism. A) self-efficacy. B) social cognitive theory. C) social-cultural psychology. D) reciprocal determinism.

20. 12. Bandura describes self-efficacy as: A) being the best that one can be. B) feelings of self-confidence or self- doubt. C) the sense of being loved and accepted by others. D) the drive to learn despite early failures. A) being the best that one can be. B) feelings of self-confidence or self- doubt. C) the sense of being loved and accepted by others. D) the drive to learn despite early failures.

21. 13. The social cognitive perspective differs from the humanistic perspective in that social cognitive theorists: A) deal with free-will. B) emphasize feelings and insight. C) rely heavily on experimental findings. D) have less scientific fact on which to base their theory. A) deal with free-will. B) emphasize feelings and insight. C) rely heavily on experimental findings. D) have less scientific fact on which to base their theory.

22. 14. The social cognitive perspective places most of the responsibility for our behavior: A) on ourselves. B) on our childhood history. C) on our learned behavior. D) on the way we were parented. A) on ourselves. B) on our childhood history. C) on our learned behavior. D) on the way we were parented.

23. 15. Some psychologists criticize the social cognitive theory, claiming: A) it is too scientific. B) it lacks description of the whole person. C) its theories are descriptive and not testable. D) it has no relevance to psychotherapy. A) it is too scientific. B) it lacks description of the whole person. C) its theories are descriptive and not testable. D) it has no relevance to psychotherapy.

24. 16. A trait is: A) an unconscious motive driving our behavior. B) a repeated pattern of behavior. C) a description of our outward appearance. D) a relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way. A) an unconscious motive driving our behavior. B) a repeated pattern of behavior. C) a description of our outward appearance. D) a relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way.

25. 17. Source traits are: A) the most fundamental dimensions of personality. B) personality characteristics that can easily be inferred from observable behavior. C) similarities between people. D) personality factors we inherit from our parents. A) the most fundamental dimensions of personality. B) personality characteristics that can easily be inferred from observable behavior. C) similarities between people. D) personality factors we inherit from our parents.

26. 18. According to Eysenck, someone low on psychoticism: A) is excitable, changeable and impulsive. B) is antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about others. C) is warm and caring toward others. D) is sober, pessimistic and rigid. A) is excitable, changeable and impulsive. B) is antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about others. C) is warm and caring toward others. D) is sober, pessimistic and rigid.

27. 19. More recent trait theorists believe Cattell proposed too many traits and Eysenck too few, resulting in the: A) modern cognitive-behavioral model. B) five-factor model. C) neo-Freudian perspective. D) Sixteen PF Questionnaire. A) modern cognitive-behavioral model. B) five-factor model. C) neo-Freudian perspective. D) Sixteen PF Questionnaire.

28. 20. Evidence for genetic influence is particularly strong for which of the following Big Five personality traits? A) agreeableness and extraversion B) conscientiousness and agreeableness C) neuroticism and agreeableness D) extroversion and neuroticism A) agreeableness and extraversion B) conscientiousness and agreeableness C) neuroticism and agreeableness D) extroversion and neuroticism

29. 21. A projective test that requires a person to look at several pictures and make up stories is the: A) Rorschach Inkblot Test. B) MMPI. C) 16 PF. D) Thematic Apperception Test. A) Rorschach Inkblot Test. B) MMPI. C) 16 PF. D) Thematic Apperception Test.

30. 22. The most widely used personality test is currently the: A) Rorschach Inkblot Test. B) MMPI. C) TAT. D) 16PF. A) Rorschach Inkblot Test. B) MMPI. C) TAT. D) 16PF.

31. 23. The main difference between the MMPI and the California Personality Inventory (CPI) is that the CPI: A) was designed to assess normal populations. B) is a much longer process than the MMPI. C) is based on other people’s observations of us. D) was designed for use on clinical populations. A) was designed to assess normal populations. B) is a much longer process than the MMPI. C) is based on other people’s observations of us. D) was designed for use on clinical populations.

32. 24: A major advantage of objective personality tests over projective ones is that: A) objective tests measure unconscious motives. B) objective tests are more difficult to fake. C) reliability and validity of objective tests are higher. D) all of the above. A) objective tests measure unconscious motives. B) objective tests are more difficult to fake. C) reliability and validity of objective tests are higher. D) all of the above.

33. 25. The objective personality test based on the trait theory of Raymond Cattell is the: A) 16PF. B) MMPI. C) CPI. D) TAT. A) 16PF. B) MMPI. C) CPI. D) TAT.

35. Stop here, or continue as a review

36. 1. Freud’s technique in which the patient spontaneously reports all thoughts, feelings, and images as they come to mind is called ____. A) psychoanalysis B) dream interpretation C) free association D) psychotherapy A) psychoanalysis B) dream interpretation C) free association D) psychotherapy 399

37. 2. According to Freud, “I want it, and I want it now,” refers to the part of the personality called the: A) superego. B) id. C) ego. D) eros. A) superego. B) id. C) ego. D) eros. 401

38. 3. Threatened by his own attraction to other males, Mr. Jones leads an active campaign against gay rights. He is displaying the ego defense mechanism called ____ : A) denial. B) reaction formation. C) sublimation. D) displacement. A) denial. B) reaction formation. C) sublimation. D) displacement. 403

39. 4.Jung believed that the deepest part of the individual psyche is that which is shared by all people, called: A) identification. B) fixation. C) the Oedipus complex. D) the collective unconscious. A) identification. B) fixation. C) the Oedipus complex. D) the collective unconscious. 407

40. 5. According to Freud, in the film The Wizard of Oz, Dorothy, the Cowardly Lion, the Tin Woodsman, and the Scarecrow are all: A) psychosexual stages of development. B) ego defense mechanisms. C) archetypes. D) dream interpretations. A) psychosexual stages of development. B) ego defense mechanisms. C) archetypes. D) dream interpretations. 408

41. 6. According to Rogers, the most basic human motive is the innate drive to maintain and enhance, called: A) the actualizing tendency. B) the self-concept. C) aggressive instincts. D) the sense of self. A) the actualizing tendency. B) the self-concept. C) aggressive instincts. D) the sense of self. 412

42. 7. Humanistic psychologists differed from psychoanalytic theorists in their focus on: A) reinforced behaviors. B) unconscious motives. C) the healthy personality. D) early childhood influences. A) reinforced behaviors. B) unconscious motives. C) the healthy personality. D) early childhood influences. 412

43. 8. “I do not approve of your behavior, but I still love and value you.” This attitude shows that a parent has ___ for his/her child. A) actualizing tendency B) unconditional positive regard C) compassionate parenting D) conditional positive regard A) actualizing tendency B) unconditional positive regard C) compassionate parenting D) conditional positive regard 412

44. 9. Rogers believed that the fully functioning person: A) is likely to be creative and spontaneous. B) enjoys harmonious relationships with others. C) has self-awareness and free-will. D) demonstrates all of the above. A) is likely to be creative and spontaneous. B) enjoys harmonious relationships with others. C) has self-awareness and free-will. D) demonstrates all of the above. 414

45. 10. Which of the following is a major criticism of the humanistic perspective? A) It minimizes the destructive side of human nature. B) It has no relevance to psychotherapy. C) It discounts the idea of a healthy personality. D) It is based solely on childhood memories and conflicts. A) It minimizes the destructive side of human nature. B) It has no relevance to psychotherapy. C) It discounts the idea of a healthy personality. D) It is based solely on childhood memories and conflicts. 415

46. 11. Bandura explains behavior and personality as being caused by the interaction of behavioral, cognitive, and environmental factors. This process is called: A) self-efficacy. B) social cognitive theory. C) social-cultural psychology. D) reciprocal determinism. A) self-efficacy. B) social cognitive theory. C) social-cultural psychology. D) reciprocal determinism. 416

47. 12. Bandura describes self-efficacy as: A) being the best that one can be. B) feelings of self-confidence or self- doubt. C) the sense of being loved and accepted by others. D) the drive to learn despite early failures. A) being the best that one can be. B) feelings of self-confidence or self- doubt. C) the sense of being loved and accepted by others. D) the drive to learn despite early failures. 417

48. 13. The social cognitive perspective differs from the humanistic perspective in that social cognitive theorists: A) deal with free-will. B) emphasize feelings and insight. C) rely heavily on experimental findings. D) have less scientific fact on which to base their theory. A) deal with free-will. B) emphasize feelings and insight. C) rely heavily on experimental findings. D) have less scientific fact on which to base their theory. 416

49. 14. The social cognitive perspective places most of the responsibility for our behavior: A) on ourselves. B) on our childhood history. C) on our learned behavior. D) on the way we were parented. A) on ourselves. B) on our childhood history. C) on our learned behavior. D) on the way we were parented. 418

50. 15. Some psychologists criticize the social cognitive theory, claiming: A) it is too scientific. B) it lacks description of the whole person. C) its theories are descriptive and not testable. D) it has no relevance to psychotherapy. A) it is too scientific. B) it lacks description of the whole person. C) its theories are descriptive and not testable. D) it has no relevance to psychotherapy. 418

51. 16. A trait is: A) an unconscious motive driving our behavior. B) a repeated pattern of behavior. C) a description of our outward appearance. D) a relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way. A) an unconscious motive driving our behavior. B) a repeated pattern of behavior. C) a description of our outward appearance. D) a relatively stable, enduring predisposition to consistently behave in a certain way. 418

52. 17. Source traits are: A) the most fundamental dimensions of personality. B) personality characteristics that can easily be inferred from observable behavior. C) similarities between people. D) personality factors we inherit from our parents. A) the most fundamental dimensions of personality. B) personality characteristics that can easily be inferred from observable behavior. C) similarities between people. D) personality factors we inherit from our parents. 419

53. 18. According to Eysenck, someone low on psychoticism: A) is excitable, changeable and impulsive. B) is antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about others. C) is warm and caring toward others. D) is sober, pessimistic, and rigid. A) is excitable, changeable and impulsive. B) is antisocial, cold, hostile, and unconcerned about others. C) is warm and caring toward others. D) is sober, pessimistic, and rigid. 420

54. 19. More recent trait theorists believe Cattell proposed too many traits and Eysenck too few, resulting in the: A) modern cognitive-behavioral model. B) five-factor model. C) neo-Freudian perspective. D) Sixteen PF Questionnaire. A) modern cognitive-behavioral model. B) five-factor model. C) neo-Freudian perspective. D) Sixteen PF Questionnaire. 421

55. 20. Evidence for genetic influence is particularly strong for which of the following Big Five personality traits? A) agreeableness and extraversion B) conscientiousness and agreeableness C) neuroticism and agreeableness D) extroversion and neuroticism A) agreeableness and extraversion B) conscientiousness and agreeableness C) neuroticism and agreeableness D) extroversion and neuroticism 423

56. 21. A projective test that requires a person to look at several pictures and make up stories is the: A) Rorschach Inkblot Test. B) MMPI. C) 16 PF. D) Thematic Apperception Test. A) Rorschach Inkblot Test. B) MMPI. C) 16 PF. D) Thematic Apperception Test. 426

57. 22. The most widely used personality test is currently the: A) Rorschach Inkblot Test. B) MMPI. C) TAT. D) 16PF. A) Rorschach Inkblot Test. B) MMPI. C) TAT. D) 16PF. 428

58. 23. The main difference between the MMPI and the California Personality Inventory is that the CPI: A) was designed to assess normal populations. B) is a much longer process than the MMPI. C) is based on other people’s observations of us. D) was designed for use on clinical populations. A) was designed to assess normal populations. B) is a much longer process than the MMPI. C) is based on other people’s observations of us. D) was designed for use on clinical populations. 428

59. 24: A major advantage of objective personality tests over projective ones is that: A) objective tests measure unconscious motives. B) objective tests are more difficult to fake. C) reliability and validity of objective tests are higher. D) all of the above. A) objective tests measure unconscious motives. B) objective tests are more difficult to fake. C) reliability and validity of objective tests are higher. D) all of the above. 430

60. 25. The objective personality test based on the trait theory of Raymond Cattell is the: A) 16PF. B) MMPI. C) CPI. D) TAT. A) 16PF. B) MMPI. C) CPI. D) TAT. 429

61. AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments Step Up Created by: John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Based on Discovering Psychology 4e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury Worth Publishers, 2007 Step Up Created by: John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Based on Discovering Psychology 4e by Hockenbury & Hockenbury Worth Publishers, 2007

62. AnswersAnswers 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.D 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.C 19.B 20.D 21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.D