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Tilapia Production in the Americas Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D. Professor - University of Arizona Sec. / Tres. - American Tilapia Association President - US. Aquaculture Soc. Chapter of WAS May 28, 2001
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Tilapia introductions to the Americas F Oreochromis mossambicus first in the Caribbean in 1949 by C.F. Hickling F To United States in 1954 F Oreochromis aureus introduced in 1957 F Throughout the Americas by 1970 F Oreochromis niloticus into Brazil 1971 F Red strains developed in 1970’s and 80’s F Oreochromis niloticus spreads in 1990’s F Total production of 257,000 mt in 2000
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Production widely distributed around the Americas. F Tilapia introduced to every country F Tilapia, mojarra, St. Peters fish, Jamaican freshwater snapper, Cherry Snapper F Used in hundreds of recipes F Live, Whole, fillets, fresh and frozen, smoked
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Production systems used in the Americas F Ranching (lake releases) F Ponds (extensive and intensive) F Cages F Raceways, round tanks, recirculating systems F Freshwater, Brackish water, Estuarine, and Marine
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Extensive production in ponds and cages Farm pond in BrazilReservoir pond in Arizona
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Cages in irrigation ditches
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Intensive ponds Ponds in Arizona Ponds in Costa Rica
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Intensive tanks Tanks in Arizona Tanks in California
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Intensive Raceway Systems Raceways in Arizona Raceways in Mexico
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Production directly in irrigation delivery ditches
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Pond culture to cotton irrigation
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Tilapia in the Americas
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Major Tilapia Producers in the Americas ( for year 2000) F Mexico - 102,000 metric tons/year F Brazil - 45,000 mt / year F Cuba - 39,000 mt / year F Colombia - 23,000 mt / year F Ecuador - 15,000 mt / year F Costa Rica - 10,000 mt / year F USA - 8,200 mt / year F Honduras - 5,000 mt / year
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Major Tilapia Products in International Trade F Costa Rica - fresh fillets F Ecuador - fresh and frozen fillets F Honduras and Jamaica - fresh and frozen fillets F Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, USA - all domestic, no exports
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Estimated cost of production F Costa Rica - $1.20 / kg F Brazil - $1.10 / kg F Ecuador - $1.10 / kg F Mexico - $1.30 / kg F Jamaica - $1.20 / kg F USA - $2.00 / kg
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International markets F Costa Rica was first major exporter F Ecuador is now major exporter from the Americas F Honduras has rapid expansion F Colombia, Cuba, Brazil and Mexico are supplying strong domestic markets F Prices on international markets will not increase from present levels.
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International markets F Ecuador has passed Costa Rica as supplier of fillets to US F Ecuador integrating with shrimp production F Colombia and Mexico were exporters to US, but exports levels decreased while production increased
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Source of US Tilapia supply 2000 (by volume)
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US. Tilapia imports 1993-2000
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Tilapia Production in the US = Live Sales
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Intensive farm in Iowa, USA
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Tilapia production in Mexico F Production in most states of Mexico F Intensive in north, lake ranching in south F Strong domestic markets F Will eventually develop export markets.
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Tilapia production in Mexico Tilapia-shrimp farm in Sonora Pond Tilapia farm in Tamaulipas
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Tilapia production in Ecuador F Replacing shrimp because of white spot disease F Using shrimp infrastructure F Exporting to US and EU F Will they revert to shrimp if disease is controlled?
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Tilapia aquaculture in Ecuador
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Tilapia production in Brazil F Pond culture, cage culture in reservoirs F Fee fishing and skins for leather
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Tilapia in Colombia F Before 1980, Colombia had strong domestic market F Developed export trade to US F Domestic market has grown so strong that exports were suspended F Colombia imports tilapia from Venezuela and Ecuador
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Tilapia aquaculture in Colombia
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Rio Linda Tilapia farm in Colombia
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International market changes F Increasing domestic consumption in producing countries especially Colombia, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica F Colombia starting to export again, Mexico and Brazil will follow
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Current International Market Trends F Increase in demand for all forms of tilapia F Demand increase will be greatest for fresh fillets F Prices have been constant for several years and will remain stable, will not increase with inflation.
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Current International Market Trends F US and EU growers will concentrate on live sales and highly processed forms F Latin America and Southeast Asia will be primary US suppliers F Latin America, Caribbean and Africa will supply EU
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New product forms Smoked tilapia Sashimi grade tilapia
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Further intensification in virtually every country F Production will be 75% Oreochromis niloticus, 20% Red strains, O. aureus and O. mossambicus mostly for hybridization F Production will be 50% intensive ponds, 25% cages, 10% intensive recirculating systems
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Changes and Predictions F Leather goods from skin will become a significant contributor to profitability F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries F Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas
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Changes and Predictions F Processing and "value-adding" will intensify in producing countries
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Polyculture with shrimp will become common in most shrimp farming areas
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Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods
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Changes and Predictions F US production will increase slowly, intensifying current production methods F Production in the Americas will reach 500,000 mt by 2010 and 1,000,000 mt by 2020
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Dawn of Tilapia Aquaculture in the Americas
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