3. BEFORE LOBOTOMY, SHOCK, COMA - NOW DRUGS CHANGE NEUROCHEMISTRY OF BRAIN ELEVATE OR LOWER LEVELS OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN SYNAPSES AND WHAT RECEPTORS ABSORB

4. TREATMENTS ANTI-PSYCHOTICS LITHIUM FOR BIPOLAR PHENOTHIAZINES AND CLOZAPINE FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA ILLNESS SPECIFIC

5. SSRI’S SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS - PROZAC, PAXIL, XOLOFT (LATE 1980’S) UNLIKE OLDER DRUGS ARE SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED TO PREVENT REUPTAKE OF SEROTONIN NOT ILLNESS SPECIFIC (NOT “ANTI- DEPRESSANTS”)

7. HUGH GROWTH

8. HUGE GROWTH 10% OF ADULT POPULATION NOW TAKING AN SSRI 300% INCREASE IN PAST 10 YEARS IN NUMBER OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS TAKING MEDICATION

9. ARE SSRI’S BETTER? NOT MORE EFFECTIVE THAN OLDER DRUGS FEWER NEGATIVE SIDE EFFECTS (ALTHOUGH POSSIBLY MORE SUICIDE RISK) NOT ADDICTING LESS RISK OF OVERDOSE

10. DOWNSIDE OF SSRI’S NOT MUCH BETTER THAN PLACEBOS FOR LESS SEVERE CONDITIONS LONG-TERM EFFECTS? ONLY ELIMINATE SYMPTOMS, NOT UNDERLYING PROBLEM? MAKE PEOPLE ADJUST TO STATUS QUO?

12. STRENGTHS OF BIOLOGY BEST FOR PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS MORE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BRAIN ADVANCES IN DRUG TREATMENTS FOR MANY CONDITIONS

14. 1. OVERSTATEMENTS MOST CONVINCING FOR PSYCHOSES LESS EVIDENCE FOR OTHERS ARE CHEMICAL IMBALANCES CAUSES OR EFFECTS?

15. 2. GENES NOT DESTINY ONLY A MINORITY OF PEOPLE WITH GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY DEVELOP DISORDER OFTEN NEED ENVIRONMENTAL PRECIPITANT ENVIRONMENT CAN SUPPRESS - MORMONS AND ALCOHOLISM

16. 3. WHAT DOES A GENE DO? DIFFERENCE OF GENOTYPE AND PHENOTYPE (APPEARANCE) E.G. ANOREXIA CULTURE CAN SHAPE PHENOTYPE GENES MAY HAVE GENERAL, NOT SPECIFIC, EFFECTS

17. 4. MOST M.I. NOT GENETIC MOST PEOPLE WHO GET A DISORDER DO NOT HAVE GENETIC PROPENSITY TO THE DISORDER

18. SCHIZ. IN DENMARK THOSE WITH 1ST DEGREE RELATIVES HAVE 10x RATE OF SCHIZ BUT 90% OF PEOPLE WHO DO GET SCHIZ HAVE NO SCHIZ RELATIVES FAR MORE PEOPLE HAVE NO FAMILY HISTORY OF SCHIZ SO DESPITE LOWER % PRODUCE MORE CASES