1. CITRIS Scientific Program Overview Jim Demmel, Chief Scientist www.citris.berkeley.edu UC Santa Cruz

2. Outline  Scientific Agenda Overview  Applications, Systems, Foundations  Hardware and Software Building Blocks  Sensor Networks, Handheld devices, Wireless Networks, Clusters  Organizational Building Blocks  Affiliated research centers and activities  Financial Building Blocks  Current grants, Fundraising opportunities  Putting the Social into CITRIS  Meeting Organization and Goals  Testbeds talks, Application Breakouts, Charge to participants

3. Scientific Agenda Overview

4. New Distributed System Architectures Scalable, Utility, Diverse Access Societal-Scale Applications CITRIS Scientific Strategy Societal-Scale Applications Beyond desktop Huge scale Can’t fail Technological Breakthroughs Always connected Distributed intelligence Smart displays, cameras, sensors Applications Pull Technology Push

5. The CITRIS Model Core Technologies ApplicationsFoundations Reliablity Reliablity Availability Availability Security, Security, Algorithms Algorithms Social, policy issues Social, policy issues Distributed Info Systems Distributed Info Systems Micro sensors/actuators Micro sensors/actuators Human-Comp Interaction Human-Comp Interaction Prototype Deployment Prototype Deployment Quality-of-Life Emphasis Quality-of-Life Emphasis Initially Leverage Existing Initially Leverage Existing Expertise on campuses Expertise on campuses Societal-Scale Information Systems Societal-Scale Information Systems(SIS) Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency Transportation Systems Transportation Systems Disaster Mitigation Disaster Mitigation Environmental Monitoring Environmental Monitoring Distributed education Distributed education Distributed biomonitoring Distributed biomonitoring Fundamental Underlying Science

6. Initial CITRIS Applications (1)  Saving Energy  Smart Buildings that adjust to inhabitants  Make energy deregulation work via real-time metering and pricing  Large potential savings in energy costs: for US commercial buildings Turning down heat, lights saves up to $55B/year, 35M tons C emission/year 30% of $45B/year energy bill is from “broken systems”  Transportation Systems  Use SISs to improve the efficiency and utility of highways while reducing pollution  Improve carpooling efficiency using advanced scheduling  Improve freeway utilization by managing traffic flows  Large potential savings in commuter time, lost wages, fuel, pollution: for CA 15 minutes/commuter/day => $15B/year in wages $600M/year in trucking costs, 150K gallons of fuel/day  Disaster Mitigation (natural and otherwise)  $100B-$200B loss in “Big One”, 5K to 10K deaths  Monitor buildings, bridges, lifeline systems to assess damage after disaster  Provide efficient, personalized responses  Must function at maximum performance under very difficult circumstances

7. Initial CITRIS Applications (2)  Distributed Biomonitoring  Wristband biomonitors for chronic illness and the elderly  Monitored remotely 24x7x365  Emergency response and potential remote drug delivery  Cardiac Arrest Raise out-of-hospital survival rate from 6% to 20% => save 60K lives/year  Distributed Education  Smart Classrooms  Lifelong Learning Center for professional education  Develop electronic versions of UC Merced’s undergraduate CS curriculum  Environmental Monitoring  Monitor air quality near highways to meet Federal guidelines  Mutual impact of urban and agricultural areas  Monitor water shed response to climate events and land use changes

8. Hardware and Software Building Blocks

9. Societal-Scale Systems “Client” “Server” Clusters Massive Cluster Gigabit Ethernet New System Architectures New Enabled Applications Diverse, Connected, Physical, Virtual, Fluid MEMS Sensors Scalable, Reliable, Secure Services Information Appliances

10. Experimental Testbeds in UCB EECS Network Infrastructure GSM BTS Millennium Cluster WLAN / Bluetooth Pager IBM WorkPad CF788 MC-16 Motorola Pagewriter 2000 Velo TCI @Home Adaptive Broadband LMDS H.323 GW Nino Smart Classrooms Audio/Video Capture Rooms Pervasive Computing Lab CoLab Soda Hall CalRen/Internet2/NGI Smart Dust LCD Displays Wearable Displays

11. Smart Dust MEMS-Scale Sensors/Actuators/Communicators  Create a dynamic, ad-hoc network of power-aware sensors  Explore system design issues  Provide a platform to test Dust components  Use off the shelf components initially

12. Current One-Inch Networked Sensor Culler, Pister  1” x 1.5” motherboard  ATMEL 4Mhz, 8bit MCU, 512 bytes RAM, 8K pgm flash  900Mhz Radio (RF Monolithics) 10-100 ft. range  Radio Signal strength control and sensing  Base-station ready  stackable expansion connector all ports, i2c, pwr, clock…  Several sensor boards  basic protoboard  tiny weather station (temp,light,hum,press)  vibrations (2d acc, temp, light)  accelerometers  magnetometers

13. TinyOS Approach  Stylized programming model with extensive static information  Program = graph of TOS components  TOS component = command/event interface + behavior  Rich expression of concurrency  Events propagate across many components  Tasks provide internal concurrency  Regimented storage management  Very simple implementation  For More see http://tinyos.millennium.berkeley.edu http://tinyos.millennium.berkeley.edu

14. Emerging “de facto” tiny system  Feb. 01 bootcamp  40 people  UCB, UCLA, USC, Cornell, Rutgers, Wash.,  LANL, Bosch, Accenture, Intel, crossbow  Several groups actively developing around tinyOS on “rene” node  Concurrency framework has held up well.  Next generation(s) selected as DARPA networked embedded system tech (NEST) open platform  Smaller building blocks for ubicomp

15. Micro Flying Insect  ONR MURI/ DARPA funded  Year 3 of 5 year project  Professors Dickinson, Fearing (PI), Liepmann, Majumdar, Pister, Sands, Sastry

16. Synthetic Insects (Smart Dust with Legs) Goal: Make silicon walk. Autonomous Articulated Size ~ 1-10 mm Speed ~ 1mm/s

17. 2003 2002 2004 2005 2010 MEMS Micro Sensor Networks (Smart Dust) MEMS Micro Sensor Networks (Smart Dust) MEMS Rotary Engine Power System MEMS Single Molecule Detection Systems MEMS “Mechanical” Micro Radios MEMS Immunological Sensors MEMS Technology Roadmap (Pisano/BSAC)

18. Organizational Building Blocks

19. CITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities (please send contributions!)  International Computer Science Institute (ICSI) (5 faculty, 18 students) studies network protocols and applications and speech and language-based human- centered computing.  Millennium Project (15 faculty) is developing a powerful, networked computational test bed of nearly 1,000 computers across campus to enable interdisciplinary research.  Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center (BSAC) (14 faculty, 100 students) is a world-leading effort specializing in micro-electromechanical devices (MEMS), micro-fluidic devices, and “smart dust.”  Microfabrication Laboratory (71 faculty, 254 students) is a campus-wide resource offering sophisticated processes for fabricating micro-devices and micro-systems.  Gigascale Silicon Research Center (GSRC) (23 faculty, 60 students) addresses problems in designing and testing complex, single-chip embedded systems using deep sub-micron technology.  Berkeley Wireless Research Center (BWRC) (16 faculty, 114 students) is a consortium of companies and DARPA programs to support research in low- power wireless devices.

20. CITRIS-Affiliated Research Activities (continued)  Berkeley Information Technology and Systems (BITS) (20 faculty, 60 students) a new networking research center will address large emerging networking problems (EECS, ICSI, SIMS)  Berkeley Institute of Design (BID) (10 faculty) a new interdisciplinary center (EECS, ME, Haas, SIMS, IEOR, CDV, CED, Art Practice) to study the design of software, products and living spaces based on the convergence of design practices in information technology, industrial design, and architecture  Center for Image Processing and Integrated Computing (CIPIC) (8 faculty, 50 students) (UCD) focuses on data analysis, visualization, computer graphics, optimization, and electronic imaging of large-scale, multi-dimensional data sets.  Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering (CEWRE) (9 faculty, 45 students) (UCD) applications of advanced methods to environmental and water management problems.

21. Applications-Related Current Activities (please send contributions!)  Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways, PATH, (20 faculty, 70 students), a collaboration between UC, Caltrans, other universities, and industry to develop technology to improve transportation in California.  Berkeley Seismological Laboratory (15 faculty, 14 students) operates, collects, and studies data from a regional seismological monitoring system, providing earthquake information to state and local governments.  Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, PEER ( 25 faculty, 15 students), a Berkeley-led NSF center, is a consortium of nine universities (including five UC campuses) working with industry and government to identify and reduce earthquake risks to safety and to the economy.  National Center of Excellence in Aviation Operations Research, NEXTOR (6 faculty, 12 students), a multi-campus center, models and analyzes complex airport and air traffic systems.

22. Applications-Related Current Activities (continued)  Center for the Built Environment (CBE) (19 faculty/staff) provides timely, unbiased information on promising new building technologies and design techniques.  Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL)  National Energy Research Supercomputing Center (NERSC) provides high- performance computing tools and expertise that enable computational science of scale  Environmental Energy Technologies (EET) performs research and development leading to better energy technologies and reduction of adverse energy-related environmental impacts.

23. Financial Building Blocks Current Funding

24. Large NSF ITR Award  Not yet official, NO PUBLICITY  $7.5M over 5 years  Support for 30 faculty (Berkeley, Davis) for subset of CITRIS  2 applications:  Energy (Rabaey, Pister, Arens, Sastry)  Disaster Response (Fenves, Glaser, Kanafani, Demmel)  Most SW aspects of systems, no hardware  Service architecture (Katz, Joseph)  Data/Query management (Franklin, Hellerstein)  Human Centered Computing (Canny, Hearst, Landay, Saxenian)  Data Visualization (Hamann, Max, Joy, Ma, Yoo)  Sensor Network Architecture (Culler, Pister) (in original proposal, reduced support)  Collaboration with UC Merced  www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRIS www.cs.berkeley.edu/~demmel/ITR_CITRIS

25. Foundational Research Problems in ITR  How do we make SISs secure?  Tygar, Wagner, Samuelson  Lightweight authentication and digital signatures  Graceful degradation after intrusion  Protecting privacy, impact of related legislation  How do we make SISs reliable? (in original proposal, reduced support)  Henzinger, Aiken, Necula, Sastry, Wagner  Complexity => hybrid modeling  Multi-aspect interfaces to reason about properties  Software quality => combined static/dynamic analysis  How do we make SISs available? (in original proposal, reduced support)  Patterson, Yelick  Repair-Centric Design  Availability modeling and benchmarking  Performance fault adaptation  What algorithms do we need?  Papadimitriou, Demmel  Algorithm to design, operate and exploit data from SISs

26. CommerceNet Incubator  Not yet Official, NO PUBLICITY  $400K for one year  State-funded NGI (Next Generation Internet) incubator  http://www.commerce.net/ http://www.commerce.net/  At Bancroft/Shattuck in shared CCIT space  http://www.path.berkeley.edu/PATH/CCIT/Default.htm http://www.path.berkeley.edu/PATH/CCIT/Default.htm  Companies will incubate and collaborate with CITRIS faculty and students  Kalil, Demmel, Sastry, Teece (advisors)  Companies chosen for closeness to CITRIS

27. Other support  Long list, at least $30M  Mostly technology, a few applications  More pending

28. Financial Building Blocks Funding Opportunities (courtesy of Tom Kalil)

29. Next ITR Solicitation  Small proposals (<$500K)  Full proposal due February 6-7, 2002  Medium proposals (<$5 million)  Full proposal due November 13, 2001  Large proposals (<$15 million)  Pre-proposals due November 9 th, 2001  Full proposal sue April 4, 2002

30. Next ITR Solicitation  Software and hardware systems  Augmenting individuals and transforming society  Particularly relevant to “apps” thrust of CITRIS!  Scientific frontiers and IT  See http://www.itr.nsf.gov for more details http://www.itr.nsf.gov

31. Getting Funding for CITRIS  Will need to engage broader range of funding agencies, partners, and stakeholders  Examples:  Energy efficiency: Energy  Env. Monitoring: Foundations, EPA, CalEPA  Health monitoring: New NIH institute, DOD interest in combat casualty care  Transportation: DOT, Caltrans  Earthquakes: FEMA

32. Putting the “Social” into CITRIS Courtesy of Tom Kalil More input requested!

33. Bringing the “social” into CITRIS  CITRIS needs to engage  Sociologists  Economists  Anthropologists  Lawyers  Political scientists  Scholars of public policy  Business-school faculty  …

34. Possible roles for Social Scientists  Address risks (e.g. privacy of sensor nets)  Examine deployment issues associated with SISs  Economic, social, legal factors in rate of deployment  User-centered design (e.g. ethnography)  Suggest new application areas or themes  Broader ethical, legal, social implications of the Information Revolution  See web page for more extensive document

35. Meeting Organization

36. Morning Talks on Research Infrastructure and Testbeds  Goal: describe facilities available now or soon  CITRIS Net – Ben Yoo  Microlab – Costas Spanos  Smart Buildings and Energy Management – Ed Arens  Hazard Mitigation – Steve Glaser  Transportation – Karl Hedrick  Biomedical Alert Networks – Tom Budinger

37. Noon Talks  CITRIS Education Initiative – Paul Wright  The New Economy – Brad DeLong

38. Afternoon Breakout Sessions  Topics  Smart Classrooms – John Canny, Pat Mantey  Smart Buildings and Energy Management – Jan Rabaey  Hazard Mitigation – Steve Glaser  Transportation – Karl Hedrick  Biomedical Alert Networks – Tom Budinger  Environmental Monitoring – Jay Lund  Charge to participants  Go forth and develop exciting interdisciplinary research agendas and ideas for proposals  Come back at 3:15pm to tell everyone about it