1. The Metamodel Framework Standard for Interoperability: (ISO/EC19763)
Study Period Meeting,
Clearwater, FL, Jan. 05, 2007.
JTC1 SC32N1635
Database requirements to support MFI:
Next Stage of
The Metamodel Framework Standard for Interoperability:
(ISO/EC19763)
Hajime HORIUCHI
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32WG2,
Tokyo International University

2. Topics 1. Current Status of MFI (ISO/IEC 19763) Series of Standards
2. Expectations to MFI
3. What are needed
4. Requirements for DB technology
5. Other Issues

3. Metamodel Framework for Interoperability ISO/IEC 19763
Meta Modeling
Facility (MOF)
Defining Facility
(ISO11179 MDR)
ISO/IEC19763
Part-1：　Reference Model
Part-2：　Core model
Part-3：　MM for Ontology
Parｔ-4:　MM　for Model Mapping
Ｃｏｒｅ　ｍｏｄｅｌ　ｏｆ　 Meta Model Frameworks
Metamodel for Ontology
Metamodel for
Model Mapping
Common Identification
& Classification
Metamodel for
Model Constructs
Mapping Rules
metadata
Mapping Targets
Codes
Value Domains
Sharable model
Patterns
　　　　MOF and ODM
(OMG)
Model Mapping
Common
Modeling Facility (UML)
Common　Model
Constructs

4. Metamodel Framework Architecture
MOF Model
inherit
Core Model
inherit
MFI M2
Metamodel
Metamodels
describe
Domain
Models
Common Data M1
Modeling
Element
Facility
use
Object Patterns
refer
Modeling Constructs
M0　
Values
Real World
Concept

5. Reference Model (Part-1)
MFI structure
Registration
Procedure
<<extension>>
Ontology Evolution
Specific metamodel for the mapping, defined on the core model
Model
Mapping (Part-4)
Model constructs
Registration
Ontology
Registration (Part-3)
Specific metamodels defined on the core model
Core model (Par-2)
Provides model registration mechanism as metamodel
Reference Model (Part-1)
Defines over all concept of MFI

6. Latest Status of MFI Standards
ISO/IEC19763 : Information technology: Metamodel framework for interoperability
Part 1:Reference model
Part-3: Metamodel for ontology registration
 IS published on February 1st, 2007
Part-2: Core model
2ndFCD, FDIS expected by July 2007
Part-4: Metamodel for model mapping
2nCD,  FCD expected by July 2007

7. MOF Model (M3 layer)

8. ISO/IEC 19763-2 : Core Model (Overview)

9. EX: Registration of Model Concept
Upper Model
Model Type
Model Domain Profile
Classifier
Model Concept
Model Sign
Model Selection
Model Instance
Attachment
A Model
XMI schema
Target of registration
Model Specification
Document

10. Relationships are not in one typeW Z
Type - Instance
Syntax - Expression
Super - Sub X V
Base -Variant

11. How to represent relationships
ISO/IEC : Framework for Metamodel Framework for Interoperability: Core Model
Upper Model
Type and Instance
Super and Sub
Base and Variant
Abstract Syntax and Expression
Target Model

12. MOF and MFI Core
M3 Layer
M2 Layer
Target Models

13. Common facility of MDR(ISO/IEC11179) ISO/IEC19763-3
Metamodel for ontology registration
MOF
MFI-2
MFI Core model
MDR standards
ODM
MFI-3
Metamodel for Ontology Registration
Metamodel for MDR(ISO/IEC11179)
Metamodel for
Metamodel for DL
Metamodel for OWL
registration
Administration Record
Describe
Data Elements
Terminology
Basic Classes
Basic Relationship
Any Ontology
　　 Ontology　by ODM

14. Key Objectives of MFI-3 Admi. Info Upper Ontology or Existing Ontology
Concept）
Reference Ontology
Registry
Admi. Info
Local Ontology
Concept）
Concept）
Concept）
Concept）
Concept）
Concept）
Concept）

15. MFI Ontology Registration structure
Administrative information etc.
corresponding to
Example_Ontology
corresponding to each of
Buyer has.Creditrating(Tony)
Buyer(Tony)
Creditrating(Credit-A)
corresponding to of each
Buyer
has
Creditrating
Tony
Ontology
+administrative info.
Ontology Component
+administrative info
Ontology Atomic Construct
MFI Ontology Registration
Actual Ontology
Sentence
Symbol
reference
consistOf
use

16. ODM（Ontology Descriptive Metamodel）
MOF compliant Ontology Description Metamodel
Metamodels for OWL（Web　Ontology Language）,DL（Description Language）,
CL（Common Logic）, etc.
RDF
Schema M3
Meta-meta model (MOF) M2
Mapping
Other
UML
profile
Ontology
UML
profile
ODM
OWL
OWL M1
Models

17. Expectations to MFI

18. NRR: National Repository & Registry
Role of MFI
NRR
NRR:　National Repository　& Registry
International
Industry specific
Models
Industry specific
Models
Inter-Company
Company A
Company B
Model
Web system
Intra-Company
システム開発
ツール
アプリケーションシステム
System Dev.
Tools
Application System

19. LCDM Project in Construction Industry of Japan
Road
Road
Disaster
River
Disaster
River
Weather
Traffic
Weather
Traffic
さらに、災害時等において、国民は自宅周辺の情報が必要となるが、それが現状では、個々のデータ提供者のホームページにアクセスしないと全容を把握できないという状況になっている。このような状況を解決するためにも、個々のデータ管理者が保有している情報が標準化されていれば、一カ所にアクセスすることでまとめて必要な情報を入手するという環境も整備できることになる。
Standard
Where is my home
LCDM Platform
Address?
Place?
Point?
Location?
Data Integration
Citizen

20. Industrial Expectation
System Integrator
Management
MFI Registry
ERP Vender
Planer
Real World
Business process
Requirement
ASP Venders
Programmer
Model
DBMS Venders
System Function
Program
Web Service Venders
Project Management

21. Registry Federation Hong-Kong CC/BIE KIEC CC/BIE ECOM CC/BIE UN/CEFACT
Automobile
Transport
Trading
Construction
物流CC/BIE
自動車CC/BIE
Iron Steel
貿易CC/BIE
建設CC/BIE
鉄鋼CC/BIE
流通CC/BIE
Hong-Kong
CC/BIE
KIEC
CC/BIE
ECOM
CC/BIE
UN/CEFACT
TBG ＆
ICG/ATG
ISO/IEC SC32 + eAC
Ad-Hoc Project
ebXML Asia Registry

22. Common Platform for EC (ECOM Japan)
Software
Vender
ASP
Collaboration
Interoperation
Common Registry
As Platform
流通業界 標準
COXEC 標準
System Collaboration
Transmission Protocol
YYY 標準
XXX 標準
Business Information
Operation
Representation
ECALGA 標準
自動車業界 標準
UN/CEFACT標準
Korea St
Taiwan ST
China ST

23. MFI-New Parts under the Study

24. Works in the Study
A Metamodel for Ontology evolution and maintenance are under discussions as a part of MFI-3 (2nd Edition of MFI-3)
A metamodel for the process registration (process ontology) is also discussed in the SC32WG2.
OWL-S or PSL(ISO) are being investigated.

25. Ontology Evolution (Candidate of 2ndED 19763 Part-3)
Keqing He and Yangfang He,
Wuhan Univ. China

26. Basic resolution provided by MFI-3
Ontology engineer
We need some measures to resolve the conflicts
Domain experts
We need add class A, remove individual i…
Information system engineer
We need keep class B, individual i…
Possible conflict !
Change Closure
Consistency Closure
Evolution Strategy
Final Change Set
ontology

27. Key Problems How to registrate ontologies?
What kind of change can be identified and described by MFI-3?
How to realign the dependent ontologies during the evolution process?
How to keep the evolution information about ontologies

28. Our Solution (1/2) How to registrate ontologies?
What kind of change can be identified and described by MFI-3?
How to realign the dependent ontologies during the evolution process?
How to keep the evolution information about ontologies
Kernel Model
Change Model
Constraint Model
Change Propagation Model
Evolution Information Model

29. Our solution (2/2)

30. Differences from DB Schema evolution
“Ontology Evolution: Not same as the schema evolution” , Natalya F.Noy, Michel Klein
Ontologies are data too
Ontology themselves incorporate semantics
Class and instances can be the same
Etc.

31. Comment at the Wuhan meeting
WD (Working Draft ) should be prepared by the NY meeting, July 2007.

32. Process Registration (Candidate of a new part of 19763)
Keqing He and Wang Chong,
Wuhan Univ., China

33. “process” & “process model”
Process is defined as
a set of work items, scheduled according to constraints, which all participate in fulfilling at a common purpose. [Breton and Bezivin 2001]
transformation of input to output. [ISO 1995]
one or more activities that occurs over a period of time in which objects participate. [ISO 18629]
Process model can be regarded as the product of process modeling.

34. Taxonomy of Processes Domain specific processes Software Process
-In house Business process (Accounting, AR/AP)
-Between Enterprises (Collaboration)
-Industrial specific: Healthcare, Manufacturing,
Software Process
Dynamic aspect  A part of an ontology
Ontology migration process
Registration process

35. Type of Process Model PSL, Upper Ontology or Abstract Syntx
Modeling Patters
BPMN
MIT HB
Collaboration
Notation
Model Contents
UN/CEFACT BCF
Metamodel
Methodology
UML
IDEF 3
EXpress
CPFR, ARTS
UMM

36. Comparative Analysis MIT HB PSL OWL-S SPEM BPMN UMM IDEF3+5 HL7 CPFR X
Upper Ontology X
Pattern
Metamodel
Notation
OWL
Profile
Method
Collaboration of Process
Contents
Registration

37. Related work PSL (ISO 18629) IDEF-3 BPMN BPEL4WS OWL-s ……
a language enabling interoperability of process information among industrial applications.
IDEF-3
captures process details.
BPMN
defines modeling notation for modeling business process.
BPEL4WS
provides a means of specifying the interaction of cooperating services.
OWL-s
define an ontology to describe the interface a service provides to the “outside world”.
only for Web Services ……

38. Process Ontology Ontology(t2) = processX (Ontologyt(t1)) t1 t2

39. Why we need MFI-5 Web service Business process
one of the important resources on the semantic web.
characterized with dynamic features.
Business process
interoperation and cooperation within/across the enterprises
MFI family focuses on the static resources on the web
MFI Core provides a very generic framework for various models.
MFI4Onto aims to the structure and semantics of ontology
A new part is needed to meet the requirements of dynamic resources (web services, business process etc.) on the semantic web
process model registration
process model integration with semantics
construction of customized services/process model

40. Scope of MFI-5 (1/2) MFI-5 PSL IDEF-3 … Objective
Provide a metamodel to register process models, including business process model and web service.
Focus on the relationship between process model described with different process description languages, especially the composite process consists of subprocesses expressed in different languages.
Promote semantic interoperation between various process models on the semantic web.
MFI-5
PSL
IDEF-3 …

41. Scope of MFI-5 (2/2) What to do What not to do
Structural information of process model
Which subprocesses are contained in process model
Which artifact participate in fulfilling the common purpose
Semantic constraints of process model
Semantic relation/contradiction between artifacts
Order
Mandatory sequence
Precondition and postcondition
User-defined constraints ……
What not to do
Language specific details
Implementation level details

42. MFI Core & MFI-5
From MFI Core

43. Basic idea of MFI-5(1/2)
Base Model is proposed to register structure information of various process models
Goal: the purpose that should be archived by fulfilling the process model
Role: the actor who interact with the process
Artifact: the resources that participate in the process
Order: specifies the sequence of a composite process

44. Base Model

45. Basic idea of MFI-5(2/2)
Process Control Model is defined to record three kinds of control constraints in process models
Sequence control
Specify the sequence followed by the subprocesses
Object control
Restrict the semantic relations between artifacts and avoid possible semantic inconsistency
Support semantic interoperation between process models based on ontology
User-defined control

46. Process Control Model

47. OWL-S --Top level of the Process Ontology--

48. Comments at the meeting
More research and investigation should be needed.
Is it premature to make it ISO standard?
Collaborative work with other group should be initiated.

49. Requirements for DB Technologies

50. What are needed in the Future

51. Level of Interoperation
David Carney, Patricia Oberndorf
Software Engineering Institute
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
{djc,

52. Another View of the Interoperation
Service base Interoperation
Semantic base Interoperation
SOAP, UDDI, BPMN,
RDF, OWL, SPARQl,
Model base Interoperation
UML, MOF, XML, XQUERY
Object base Interoperation
SQL, MDR, IRDS
Data base Interoperation

53. Integration Data and Objects Text and Semantics
Information and Process
Model and Ontology
Reference and Local Ontologies
SNAP and SPAN Ontology

54. Nature of the modeling
“Some customers want to deliver their order by the means they specify”
To be modeled
UOD
UML
Common sense ?
Software

55. Multi-meaning

56. Limitation of modeling
モデラー
Modeling view
モデラー
モデラー

57. Integration of Models Metadata and Ontologies,
Metamodel
Ontology
Terminology
Reality
Model
Information
Systems +
Web system
Metadata
Information Instance

58. Integration of Modeling and Ontology
Concept）
“person”
“Employee”
Employee
Terminology
Term Def.

59. OMG OUP OUP: Ontology UML Profile Ontology development by UML models
OWL based
Ontology
OUP

60. Interoperable Models Model Metamodels Common Modeling Language (UML)
Modeling Views
Common
Modeling
Language
(UML)
Model
Common Patterns
Modeling Constructs
Common
Metadata
Common
Ontology
Common
Classification
Common
Profiles

61. Integration of Data and Objects
OR Mapping
Data Oriented Object Modeling
ORL

63. Other issues

64. Reliable Common Registries
Registration of ISO and major standards
The ISO Common Database Procedure
(Ontology for ISO standards?)
Long Term transaction (5~30 years)
Tracking registry change
Reliable non profit organization for registry operation

65. Traceability & Long Term Transaction
Consumer
Inspection &
Certification
Lifecycle
Products
Business
Model &
Specification
Business
Business

66. OMG related Issues for SC32
Current ISO version (ISO/IEC19502) of MOF is MOF1.4
OMG had standardized MOF2.0, UML2.0
MOF2.0 (QVT) should be invited to ISO
Some other MOF based metamodel should be invited.
ODM
SPEM
CWM
Etc.

67. Terminology(TC37) related Issues
Semantics and metadata are rely upon the terminology definition
SC32WG2 has shared issues with TC37

68. A trial on stock taking standardization Activities for Semantic Interoperations (FYI)
ISO/IEC （Open-edi, JTC1 /SC32WG1）　
ISO15000　（ebXML-CC, ISO/TC154）
ECCMA(TC184)
TC64(Banking)
TC215（Health Care）
TC127 (Earth Moving Machine)
JTC1 SC36 (Learning Metadata)
Domain specific terminology, classification & Ontology
ISO/IEC20744　（ Common Logic, JTC1/SC32WG1 ）
Domain Free terminology, classification & Ontology
Descriptive method
OWL/RDF (W3C)
JTC1/SC34, Topic Map
TC37 (Terminology)
TC （Dublin Core）
Registration
ISO/IEC19763 (MMF :JTC1 SC32WG2）　
ISO/IEC （ Open-edi, JTC1 SC32WG1）
REACH (EU, Chemical Industry & all related)　

69. Another Issue for Metadata; Cultivating
XMDR + MMF
Domain Ontology
Semantic elements
Extraction
Terminology
Defining
Ontology
メタデータ
ISO TC37
メタデータ
Ontology
Metamodel
Metadata
Registry
Existing Registry

70. Metadata Standardization Activities
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC32　
UN/CEFACT
OMG
ISO TC 37
　　ISO TC 204
Metadata Standardization
OASIS Reg/Rep
Intelligent Transportation Systems
ISO/IEC MDR
Metamodel Framework
W3C
XML Registry
UDDI
TC154
E-Commerce　metadata
XML,RDF,OWL
Terminology
SQL Catalog
　　ISO TC 215
Health Informatics
ISO TC127
Earth Moving machine
ebXML　RIM
UBL
Dublin Core
ISO TC 46
Library metadata
ISO TC211
Geographical data
HL7
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36　
Ｌｅａｒｎｉｇ　Ｍｅｔａｄａｔａ　
ISO/IEC JTC1 SC34　
Topic map
ebXML
MOF, CWM,　ODM

71. Type of Metadata Standards
ebXML Core Component,
Dublin Core,
RSS
Digital Library
Image Processing
Geographical Map
Broad Casting Program
Health Care
elearning
etc
Metadata Value
ebXML　RIM
ISO/IEC19763(MMF)
Metadata Instances
Registry
Representation
Administrative Attributes,
Storing Structure
Representation Language
MOF(ISO19502)、
RDF、
OWL、
Topic Map
ISO/IEC10728(IRDS）
ISO/IEC11179（MDR)
ebXML Repository Service
XMDR

72. Subject Areas of Standardization
Describing
Service Interface
Metamodel
IRDS, XQuery
RDF, OWL
IRDS, ebXML RS
MOF, 　11179, ebXML RIM
Query
Concept
Meta Information
　Interchange
Registration
Contents
Attributes
Format
Registration Aspects
ebXML CC, Dublin Core
IRDS, , ebXML RIM
CDIF, XMI, PDES,
　　Common elements
MMF
Values
ISO Codes

73. History of Metadata Metamodel for Semantic Interoperation
2010 ~
Metamodel for Semantic Interoperation
2000~
Metadata for Semantics Sharing
Registry
1990~
Metadata for Information Sharing
Repository
1980~
Metadata for Software Developments
1980~
Metadata for DBMS
DD/DS
1970~
Metadata for file items
Data Dictionary

74. Thank you 謝々