1. Anatomy, Morphology, & Growth of Angiosperms – Ch. 5-8
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Anatomy, Morphology, & Growth of Angiosperms – Ch. 5-8

2. Two plant groups: monocots & dicots
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Two plant groups: monocots & dicots

3. Muscle cell Cells Tissues Muscle tissue Organs Heart
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Muscle cell
Cells
Tissues
Muscle tissue
Organs
Heart
Circulatory system
Systems

4. BOT 101
The Plant Cell
Fig 7.8

5. 5 Differentiated Plant Cell Categories
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5 Differentiated Plant Cell Categories
Parenchyma
Collenchyma
Schlerenchyma
Water-conducting cells of the xylem
Sugar-conducting cells of the phloem

6. BOT 101
1. Parenchyma
thin and flexible cell walls

7. BOT 101
2. Collenchyma
Usually grouped in strands to support young parts of plants without restraining growth
Flexible, elongate with growing shoots

8. 3. Schlerenchyma May be dead at functional maturity – ???
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3. Schlerenchyma
May be dead at functional maturity – ???
cell walls left behind as skeleton

9. BOT 101

10. 4. Water conducting cells of the xylem:
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4. Water conducting cells of the xylem:
2 types: tracheids & vessel elements

11. BOT 101
Tracheids
Water flows from cell to cell (laterally) through pits in cell wall
Support function

12. Vessel Elements End walls are perforated for free flow of water
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Vessel Elements
End walls are perforated for free flow of water
More efficient as water conductors than tracheids

13. BOT 101
Fig 35.9

14. 5. Sugar-conducting cells of the phloem
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5. Sugar-conducting cells of the phloem
Sieve-tube members:
Lack a nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole
Cells separated by perforated sieve plates – allow sugar movement

15. BOT 101
Fig 35.9

16. Three main tissues: Dermal, Vascular, Ground
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Three main tissues: Dermal, Vascular, Ground
Fig 35.8

17. Dermal tissue or epidermis
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Dermal tissue or epidermis
Root hairs are specialized epidermal extensions
Secretes waxy cuticle of the leaf

18. BOT 101
2. Ground Tissue
fills the space between dermal and vascular tissue systems.
Diverse functions:
pith
In dicots:
cortex

19. BOT 101
3. Vascular Tissue
function in transport between roots & shoots, and structural support of plant
Xylem:
Phloem: Food transported to roots & non-photosynthetic parts such as the flowers

20. Growth & Development BOT 101

21. BOT 101
Development =

22. Three processes of development:
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Three processes of development:
Growth =
Cellular differentiation = generation of different cell types
Morphogenesis – creation of body form & organization.

23. BOT 101
1. Growth
Cell division no expansion

24. BOT 101
Growth
= due to water uptake in the vacuole

25. BOT 101
Fig 35.24

26. BOT 101
Cell division
Occurs in only in meristems!

27. Meristems = Two types of meristems: Apical meristem –
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Meristems =
Two types of meristems:
Apical meristem –
Lateral meristems – extend lengthwise along the axis of the stem & roots. Responsible for growth in girth in older parts of the plant (called secondary growth). Exist only in perennials

28. BOT 101
Fig 35.10

29. Arrangement of Primary Tissues in Roots
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Arrangement of Primary Tissues in Roots
Epidermis –
Stele –
Ground tissue – mostly parenchyma cells of the cortex – area between the stele & epidermis; stores food & takes up minerals.
Endodermis – single cell layer between cortex & stele. Selective barrier for uptake of soil solution contents into vascular system.

30. Eudicot/Gymnosperm root cross section
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Eudicot/Gymnosperm root cross section
Epidermis
Endodermis
Cortex
Stele
xylem
phloem
Fig 35.13

31. Primary Growth of Shoots
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Primary Growth of Shoots
Bud = cluster of leaf primordia created by meristem. No internodes
Lateral branches arise from axillary buds

32. BOT 101
Fig 35.15

33. Primary tissue arrangement of stems
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Primary tissue arrangement of stems
Ground tissue = pith & cortex

34. Eudicot/Gymnosperm stem cross section pith
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Eudicot/Gymnosperm stem cross section
pith
phloem
cortex
xylem
epidermis
Fig 35.16
Schlerenchyma cells

35. Tissue arrangement of leaves
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Tissue arrangement of leaves
3 parts:
Upper & lower epidermis – tightly interlocked cells, secrete waxy cuticle. Contains stomata flanked by guard cells
Vascular tissue –
Mesophyll – ground tissue between upper & lower epidermis

36. BOT 101
Fig 35.17

37. Secondary Growth Two lateral meristems:
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Secondary Growth
Two lateral meristems:
Vascular cambium – produces secondary xylem (= wood) & phloem
Cork cambium – replaces the epidermis with cork: tough, thick cover for stems, roots.

38. Secondary growth of stems
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Secondary growth of stems
Vascular cambium – layer of cells between primary xylem & primary phloem. Puts on successive layers of secondary phloem to outside & secondary xylem to inside =====> stem widens
Wood = accumulation of secondary xylem. Dead at maturity, contains lignin

39. BOT 101
What is bark?
“bark” =
Cork continually sloughs off

40. BOT 101
Fig 35.18

41. BOT 101

42. BOT 101
Fig 35.20

43. Three types of life cycles:
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Three types of life cycles:
Annual –
Biennial – complete life cycle in two years (first year = vegetative, second year = reproductive). Some need a cold winter period to initiate flowering from vegetative state. Ex. carrots
Perennial – live year after year, do not die after reproduction. Examples: trees, shrubs, some grasses. Causes of death = fire, disease