1. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology Strategy and programs for nanotechnology development of Korea Dr. Sang Hee Suh Director Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology shsuh@kist.re.kr http: //cnmt.kist.re.kr/

2. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 2 Outline  Strategy for nanotechnology development Master Plan for NT Nanotechnology Development Promotion Act  Programs for nanotechnology development Infrastructures Research programs 21C Frontier R&D program  Recent achievements  Activities for international collaboration

3. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 3 What is expected through nanotechnology development?  It is expected to provide driving forces for continuous economic growth through technological innovation for IT, BT, and materials and energy Ts. Creating new industries and jobs and Giving us global competitiveness of products  It is also the key technology for sustainable growth. Reduction of energy and material usage Cleaner environment  Improved health care Extend life-span, its quality, physical capabilities

4. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 4 Government approach for nanotechnology development  Environments of Korea Follower’s position in nanotech Comparatively scarce skilled engineers in nanotech 1/10 of Japan Engineering careers become unpopular Lack of nano-scale facilities needed Slowed economic growth Small population Relatively strong IT and materials technology industries  Government approach Strong commitment of Government Close collaboration between Govern, Research Institutes, Academia and Industry Efficient use of resources The national nanofab centers Emphasis on fusion between IT, BT and NT as well as materials technologies

5. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 5 Milestones for nanotech development in Korea  NT Master Plan NT Master Plan (2001.7) 2002 and 2003 Action Plans for NT development  R&D of NT Study on ultra fine structures: 1st national project for NT in Korea Creative Research Inititives (‘97) and NRLs (’99) Frontier Research Programs Tera-level nanodevices (2000.7), Nanostructured materials (2002.7), Nanomechatronics & Manufacturing (2002.7) Nanocore, Nanobasic, and Nanofundamental technologies (2002.10) NBIT fusion technology program (2003.6)  Infrastructure for NT National Nanotechnology Centers for Industry (2001.7) Nano Technology Research Association (2002.1) National NanoFab Center (2002.9) Application-specific NanoFab Center (2003.11) Nanocluster Centers (2003)  Nanotechnology Development Promotion Act To prepare a solid research basis for NT and encourage industrialization of the NTs (2002. 12)

6. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 6 Vision of the Master Plan for NT development  Secure sustainable growth potential by developing new nanotechnologies and products By establishing major infrastructures for NT research within 5 years, By securing world top level competitiveness by 2010 Develop more than 10 world top technologies  Strengthen the global competitiveness of Korean industries by developing key NT technologies and combining them with existing technologies such as IT, BT and ET.  Improve the quality of life through improving diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, solving environmental problems, establishing super high speed communication networks, and developing new energy conversion/storage materials.

7. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 7 Three main areas of the Master Plan Research & Development Intensive support for strategically important NT research fields Workforce Education Education of skilled workforces for NT R&D Infrastructures Establishment of Nano Fabrication Center NT

8. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 8 Nanotechnology Development Promotion Act  Summary prepare and implement the Master Plan for NT development, make Technology Road Map for NT, select proper NTs that should be developed in Korea, plan ‘education and training of workforces for NT’, expand infrastructures for nanotech research, including nanofabs, designate several research institutes specialized in NT and have them serve as bases for NT research, construct a system for producing, circulating and managing NT technical information, establish the national standard for measurement regarding NT, establish ‘research complexes for NT development’, study the implication of NT in environmental, societal and ethical problems and apply the results to policy decision for NT development.

9. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 9 1 st Phase (01-04) 2 nd Phase (05-07) 3 rd Phase (07-10) Sum GovPrivGovPrivGovPrivGovPrivSum R/D203442321372322066673871,045 ED/TRAINING31-18-19- 73 - Infrastructure6428 11231011649164 Total298722841482742168554361,291 unit M US$ Investment plan for developing nanotechnologies

10. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 10 Roles of three government departments for NT development  Ministry of Science and Technology Coordinate national nanotechnology development Support mid- and long-term R&D activities for Nano Science and Technologies Support establishing infrastructures for NT Nanofab centers  Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy Establish infrastructure for helping industries develop and utilize NT Support near- and mid-term R&D activities for NT with focus on commercialization  Ministry of Information and Communication Support R&D for IT related nanotechnologies

11. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology Infrastructures for nanotechnologies  Nano fab centers  National Nanotechnology Centers for Industry  Nano clusters  Web-based Information service for NT  Nanotechnology Research Association

12. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 12 NanoFab Centers  Two nanofab centers National Nanofab center Si-based devices applications Application-specific nano- fabrication center Non Si-based devices applications Sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology  Main goals Establish NanoFab Centers that can be shared and used by NT researchers Educate high level workforces for NT Establish a collaboration system for NT research with domestic and foreign institutes by forming a user network

13. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 13 National Nanotechnology Centers for Industry and Nano Clusters  National Nanotechnology Centers for Industry National base for research collaboration and industrialization of developed nanotechnologies Sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy Three centers nationwide National Center for Nanofabrications (Korea Electronics Technology Institute) National Center for Development of Nanomaterials Technology (Korea Institute of Science and Technology) National Center for Development of Nano Electronic devices Technology (Pohang University of Science and Technology)  Nano Clusters Collaboration between R&D, manufacturing, and marketing Sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy Two clusters planned (2003)

14. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 14 Information services for NT  Web-based information service Center of Nanotechnology Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information www.nanonet.info Introduce important R&D activities and symposiums for NT Used for public announcement of any activities related to NT Publication and on-line service of Nano Weekly Introduce nano news, new developments and trends in Korea and worldwide as well.

15. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 15 National Technology Research Association  NTRA of Korea was founded in 2002 to coordinate industrial needs related to the development of nanotechnology  Founding Purpose Information gathering and sharing Joint project proposal for the government funds Joint project promotion between membership companies  Major activities Organized Nano-Korea 2003 (8.27-8.30, 2003) Planned & reported about the establishment of: Application Specific Nano Fab Center Nanotechnology cluster

16. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 16 Strategy for educating NT workforces  Short term strategy Training existing workforces for NT Recruiting foreign workforces  Mid- and long- term strategy Establish NT departments in universities Develop interdisciplinary education programs Recruit or reorient professors who would educate workforces for NT Train core workforces involved in NT R&D

17. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 17 Nanotechnology Research Programs by the Ministry of Science and Technology Basic NT Core NT Industrial Impact Time scale for Industrialization of the developed technologies 200720122017 10 5 0 Frontier Research Program Fundamental NT

18. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 18 Core, Basic and Fundamental NT research programs  For developing nanotechnologies in the areas in which, big impact on the national strategic industries is expected technological basis should be expanded, long-term explorative research is needed, and creative experts in NT could be trained.  Period: 6-9 years  Budget Core NT program: ~2 M USD/y for each of 5 projects Basic NT program: ~1 M USD/y for each of 9 projects Fundamental NT program: 20 teams

19. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 19 21C Frontier Research Program for Nanotechnology  R&D of nano-materials, devices and systems technologies for which highest industrial impact is expected, Korea should be competitive within 10 years we have enough workforce at present.  4 Frontier Research Centers for Nanotechnology Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology Center for Nanoscale Mechatronics & Manufacturing Tera-level Nanodevice Program Intelligent Microsystem Center  Budget About 10 M US Dollars every year for 10 years for each Center Nano- technology Nano- materials Nano- systems Nano- devices

20. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 20 Objective of the Frontier Research Program for Nanostructured Materials Technology  Development of world-top-level nanostructured materials technologies for three main areas, High strength nanostructured materials Nanostructured bulk materials Nanostructured composite materials Hard coating materials Environmental and energy storage materials Catalysts for environment applications Active materials for rechargeable batteries Optical materials for information technology Nanostructured materials and devices for broad band optical communication Nanostructured materials and devices for display applications

21. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 21 Other research programs for NT  NBIT Fusion Technology Programs 4 programs (2003)  National Research Laboratories 20 Laboratories including Carbon Nanotube Research Laboratory, Ultrafine grained Structural Materials Laboratory and others  Creative Research Initiatives 10 Centers including Center for Science in Nanometer Scale and others  ERC/SRC 4 Centers including Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center and others

22. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology Recent Achievements

23. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 23 Achievements in devices and systems (1)  Carbon nanotubes as emitters for FED (Field Emission Display) Samsung SDI and LG Electronics 38 inch FED demonstrated  ZnO nanorods for display applications POSTECH Cross sectional view of typical CNT-emitters by Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology

24. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 24 Achievements in devices and systems (2)  Nano date storage system Atomic force microscope canilever type data storage system Density up to 300 Gb/in2 LG and Samsung  4 Giga NAND Flash Memory (70nm process applied)  Tera bit level Flash Memory Device 30 nm line width SONOS Memory (Silicon-Oxide- Nitride-Oxide-Silicon) Samsung  Atomic force microscopy PSIA Higher resolution with independent stages for scanning and focusing

25. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 25 Achievements in nanomaterials (1)  Carbon nano tubes ILJIN Nanotech SWNT, MWNT Being used for FED emitters  Nano Carbon Ball LG Life Science 10 times higher capability of removing order than charcoal Being applied for appliances for storing foods such as refrigerators

26. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 26 Achievements in nanomaterials (2)  Photocatalysts, TiO 2 applications Rear mirrors of cars, air conditioner TIOZ  Rechargeable batteries, CMP powders for polishing Si wafers, Equal channel angular rolling for fine grained metallic materials Korea Institute of Science and technology  Nanoscale powders for hard coating of tools Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials  Carbon Molecular Sieve Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology MCMB/Si coating

27. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 27 Measures for encouraging international collaboration  Technical forums for nanotechnologies Korea-US Nanoforum, Oct. 2003 Korea-Italy Tech forum, Oct. 2003 Korea-Canada Nanoforum, Oct. 2003 Korea-China Tech forum, Nov. 2003 Korea-UK Nanoforum, Jan. 2004  Government encourages project managers and leaders to have collaboration with foreign countries

28. 21C Frontier R&D Program :Center for Nanostructured Materials Technology 28 Summary  Korea is allocating “not small” budget for the nanotechnology development. Comparing to the USA or Japan, this budget is still very small.  Korea’s approach should be different from those of the U.S.A. and Japan; Government strongly commits to initiate NT development programs. Efficient use of resources is needed. Careful choice of R&D themes and concentration is required. A broad area of nanotechnology is currently being explored. Nanotechnology should help Korea’s some industries keep their leading edge: Examples: Display, Memory, TFT-LCD, Optical Storage, Appliances