1. Stages of Learning

2. Learning Continuum NoviceSkilledExpert

3. Novice Skilled Expert Cognitively Goals Movement Dynamics

4. Fitts & Posner 3-Stage Model CognitiveStageAssociativeStageAutonomousStage

5. Gentile’s 2-Stage Model Getting the Idea of the MovementFixation Diversification closed open

6. Gentile & Goals of Learner  Free throw  Guarding  Patient moving from sit to stand  Floor routine in gymnastics  Diving

7. Inferring Progress: Performance Changes  Rate of improvement

8. Coordination & Control  Stage 1- Novice “Freezes out” portion of available degrees of freedom “Freezes out” portion of available degrees of freedom  Stage 2 - Advanced Reinstates or releases df Reinstates or releases df  Stage 3 - Expert Continues to release df Continues to release df Exploits external forces Exploits external forces

9. Performer/Performance Changes  Muscles used & energy cost

10. Performer/Performance Changes  Visual selective attention & conscious attention

11. Performer/Performance Changes  Error Detection & Correction

12. Performer/Performance Changes  Self-Efficacy & Motivation

13. Initial Performance & Later Performance  Early performance not good predictor of later performance  Underlying motor abilities change as skill level changes