1. Sustainable Development Sustainable growth? Sustainable economy - “1 : capable of being sustainedsustained 2 a : of, relating to, or being a method of harvesting or using a resource so that the resource is not depleted or permanently damaged b : of or relating to a lifestyle involving the use of sustainable methods ” –Merriam Webster Dictionary

2. A. Sustainable development indicators: U.S. Interagency Working Group on Sustainable Development Indicators: –Economic, Environmental & Social

3. 1) Economic indicators Long-term Endowments and Liabilities Capital Assets Labor Productivity Process Energy Indicators Materials Use per Dollar of Investment Investment in R&D as a Percentage of GDP Current Results Economy Management Index Personal and Governmental Consumption Expenditures per Capita Homeownership Rates Percentage of Households With Housing Problems Vehicle Ownership, Fuel Consumption and Travel per Capita Capital Assets Labor Productivity Energy Indicators Materials Use per Dollar of Investment Investment in R&D as a Percentage of GDP Economy Management Index Personal and Governmental Consumption Expenditures per Capita Homeownership Rates Percentage of Households With Housing Problems Vehicle Ownership, Fuel Consumption and Travel per Capita

4. 2) Environmental Indicators Long-term Endowments and Liabilities Surface Water Quality Land Use Trends Contaminants in Biota Status of Stratospheric Ozone The U.S. Greenhouse Climate Response Index Processes Ratio of Renewable Water Supply to Withdrawls Fisheries Utilization Invasive Alien Species Soil Erosion Rates Timber Growth to Removals Balance Greenhouse Gas Emissions Total Waste Surface Water Quality Land Use Trends Contaminants in Biota Status of Stratospheric Ozone The U.S. Greenhouse Climate Response Index Ratio of Renewable Water Supply to Withdrawls Fisheries Utilization Invasive Alien Species Soil Erosion Rates Timber Growth to Removals Balance Greenhouse Gas Emissions Total Waste Current Results Metropolitan Air Quality Non-attainment Outdoor Recreational Activities Metropolitan Air Quality Non-attainment Outdoor Recreational Activities

5. 3) Social Indicators Long-term Endowments and Liabilities U.S. Population Teenage Pregnancy and Children Living in Family with Only One Parent Present Teacher Training and Application of Qualifications Access to the Internet Wealth Distribution Processes Contributing Time and Money to Charities Educational Attainment by Level Census Tracts with 40% Poverty Citizen's Participation Current Results Crime Rate Life Expectancy at Birth & Healthy Life Expectancy Educational Achievement Rates Children's to Health Care or Health Homelessness Percentage Children Living in Poverty U.S. Population Teenage Pregnancy and Children Living in Family with Only One Parent Present Teacher Training and Application of Qualifications Access to the Internet Wealth Distribution Contributing Time and Money to Charities Educational Attainment by Level Census Tracts with 40% Poverty Citizen's Participation Crime Rate Life Expectancy at Birth & Healthy Life Expectancy Educational Achievement Rates Children's to Health Care or Health Homelessness Percentage Children Living in Poverty

6. B. Sustainable development initiatives Very important to blend “biological conservation issues” with “social issues” since they are connected! UN: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/ http://santa-monica.org/epd/scpr/index.htm Sustainably-mided Businesses - http://www.globalreporting.org/ http://www.globalreporting.org/

7. 1) Sustainable Agriculture Water conservation practices Crop choice Crop rotation No-till Farming, reduce erosion Is Organic Better?

8. 2) Ecotourism Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the welfare of local peoples  3 major characteristics contribute to conservation directly: 1)conserve biological (and cultural) diversity, by strengthening protected area management systems (public or private) and increasing the value of sound ecosystems 2)promote the sustainable use of biodiversity, by generating income, jobs and business opportunities in ecotourism and related business networks 3)share the benefits of ecotourism developments equitably with local communities and indigenous people, by obtaining their informed consent and full participation in planning and management of ecotourism businesses.

9. 3) Green Building Design A structure that is designed, built, renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological and resource-efficient manner. 1)Siting 2)Energy efficiency 3)Materials efficiency 4)Water efficiency 5)Occupant health & safety 6)Building operation & maintenance

10. 4) Transportation Alternatives Public Transportation Electric cars & Hybrids Alternative fuels - http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/afv/bio_vehicles.html http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/afv/bio_vehicles.html –Biodiesel - http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make.html –Hydrogen fuel?

11. 5) Every-day Products

12. II. Conservation policy Environmental law –http://www.epa.gov/c ompliance/nepa/inde x.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/c ompliance/nepa/inde x.html Environmental policy Conservation policy –http://www.sierraclub. org/policy/conservati on/feral.asphttp://www.sierraclub. org/policy/conservati on/feral.asp

13. A. Who makes conservation policy? Policy decisions usually made by elected officials or political appointees –Decisions based on their perceptions of the views of people who elect them!!! Scientists may participate in management decisions –Asked to make judgments on how actions may jeopardize nature –Frequently absent when actual decisions are made Separation of the two – “protecting science from external influences that might bias results” –Has scientific integrity at federal agencies been sacrificed to further a political and ideological agenda? –As the editor of Science wrote in early 2003, there is growing evidence that the Bush Administration “invades areas once immune to this kind of manipulation.”

15. B. Translational Scientists

16. C.Scientific uncertainty – science/policy gap Gap = difference in levels of confidence for a given scientific finding expressed by the scientific community and by society –Listing of species –Global warming

17. Uncertainty increases with models of increasing complexity due mainly to the impossibility of testing the hypotheses upon which these models are based.

18. BALANCING SOUND SCIENCE AND CONSERVATION ACTION by Stephen H. Schneider Scientists tend to think that advocacy based on a "win for the client" mentality, which often means deliberately selecting "facts" out of context, is unethical. –“Advocacy Game” - courts of law, political forums, and much of the media are steeped in such practices. –Unaware of how the advocacy game is played outside the cloister of the scientific peer review culture, some scientists, perhaps naively, stumble into a pitfall of being labeled as an advocate lobbying for a special interest--even if they had no such intention. Can a scientist walk the fine line between broad, nuanced assessment (i.e., sound science) and clear, definitive messages delivered via the advocacy sound-bite system in which we are forced to operate to achieve conservation objectives?

19. D. Getting Conservation Policy Right Must “move the focus of conservation away from central regulation and enforcement and toward greater emphasis on local collaboration based on fairness, opportunity, and responsibility” The foundations of new policy must be based on a deeper scientific understanding of complex interacting processes and on more effective principles for conservation in human-dominated ecosystems. Public education will be required to ensure that large-scale and long-term systems interactions and change--as well as ultimate global limits--are widely appreciated and understood. - DAVID WESTERN

20. Successful conservation of biodiversity on any meaningful scale ultimately requires two things: 1)people change how they interact with the 2) that collectively we address a plurality of reasons why we should do so by recognizing how our thinking guides the politics of