1. Charles Ives 1874-1954 Born in Danbury Connecticut Taught by father Composed and worked as an organist in spare time. 1927-Stopped composing –Revised works –Many works not premiered until the 1950’s –Won a Pulitzer Prize in 1947 for Third Symphony (c1904-1911)

2. Style Bitonality-two keys at once Development of American patriotic songs The Unanswered Question: 1906 –Premiered 1940 –“The contemplation of a serious matter” –Three separate components String orchestra "the silences of the druids—who know, see and hear nothing." Solo trumpet, placed behind audience "The Invisible Answer" 4 flutes "The Perennial Question of Existence"

3. George Gershwin 1898-1937 Born Brooklyn, New York Age 15-dropped out of school –Write songs –Made piano rolls –Vaudeville 1924-Collaborated with brother Ira on musicals –Dialogue, dancing, and jazz music

4. George Gershwin 1898-1937 1924-Rhapsody in Blue –First major example of Third Stream (a musical genre which is a synthesis of classical music and jazz.) Traveled to Paris –Composed An American in Paris Filled with sound effects to portray the city 1935- Porgy and Bess

5. Porgy and Bess Called a ‘folk opera’ Premiered on Broadway 1935 Use of recitative, leitmotif, polytonality, atonality Also, ‘black music’ and popular Set in Charleston, South Carolina Controversial: “racist” 1976-legitimized my Houston Grand Opera