1. Campbell-Bozorgnia Two candidate models are currently being considered to capture the change in magnitude scaling of ground motion at large magnitudes Magnitude-scaling model –Assumes Mw alone can explain large-magnitude scaling of ground motion Aspect ratio-scaling model: –Assumes Mw and aspect ratio (AR) are needed to explain large-magnitude scaling of ground motion

5. Magnitude-Scaling Model

15. Aspect Ratio-Scaling Model

22. Basin Effects: Influence of Depth to Vs = 1.5 km/sec