1. Ebru Fırat BU Political factors, Mongols and a philosopher that affected the history of China

2. Aim While searching for specific events, try to understand what affected the history of China

3. Outline Political decisions of the Emperor Heifung’s and Yung Ching’s time, The Mongols, Ideas of Confucius, Information about China,

4. Chinese are nation unquestionably oldest world in the & history their goes back to period to which historian no prudent will attempt to give date. precise....

5. . feature Another striking & peculiar about China is amount small of influence that world rest of the has exercised upon it

6. They speak language & observe customs same social, political that they did years several thousand era before Christian they & are representatives only living to-day of people & government which were contemporary with Egyptians, Assyrians & the Jews.........

7. Limits of the empire have varied from time to time under circumstances of triumph or disunion but Middle Kingdom or China Proper of provinces eighteen has always possessed more or less of its proportions. existing 18

8. China Proper is used broadly to mean China within Great Wall & with provinces eighteen historic

9. While suppression Taeping Rebellion progress of was in Pekin,....... in great time Emperor Heifung at the

10. events interest importance city of great and happened at this example for plans emperor of the

11. After signature convention Pekin Treaty Tientsin,... of in ratifying of 1)... 2)... 3)... consequences important which has

12. Emperor Hienfung capital he capital Pekin Jehol refused to return to his and might transfer even seems to have hoped that from to NO! Pj

13. While Yung Ching steps prompt took throne,... to secure himself on because of his brothers

14. some of brothers his attitude assumed of menacing hostility him. toward

15. Sournima sent three of sons, his laden with chains palace to to protest innocence his devotion,... and

16. but they were refused audience and Sournima sank into wretchedness on outskirts of empire. NO! ? E family &his oblivion &

17. It only when coursesChina proximity Mongol Mongol conquests efforts travelers development commerce wars purposeposition foreigners China is of are brought into by & of & & carried on for of obtainingfor in long independent medieval secure - $ - Europe and

18. Mongols is empire strong of centuries twelveth&thirteenth when Mongol conquests enlarged limits of empire in Asia, Russia, Europe & also they entered China

19. Mongols engines catapults stones mortars explosives war Kins employed their most formidable hurled immense ejected during with and combustibles and

20. but months before walls courage defenders Kin army Kaifang. twelve elapsed were shattered and of exhausted and finally lost 12 K provisions and

21. Although Subutai who Mongol commanders most daring of all population Kaifang discretion,... is wished to massacre whole after surrendered at

22. fortunately Chinese for Ogotai proposal rejected cruel Yeliu Chutsai’s under advice who general. is more human ! more influential

23. in 1232 Mongols armies field Kins sides generals Tuli increased in attacted from with named two K calendar 1232 Ogotai and

24. When Kin Kin Army battle town Yuchow it loss generals Ninkiassu Kaifang place scene war main accepted before of was signally defeated with of principal and fled from to more removed from of W WARWAR three

25. Tuli everything line march massacres traditionsferocity destroyed along of and revived worst of Mongol his sacks and

26. Mangu Khan Although last rulers authority east west was the ofof Mongol whose was recognized in both the andthe WE

27. death Mangu disease disputes strife family The of threatened fresh and among the Mongol royal who himself died of

28. Confucius is philosopher China of important who advices people to be knowledgeable virtuous respectful humanistic honest sincere and also be so in governing

29. References 1. Boulger, Demetrius Charles. China To:PRED

30. Assyria is empire which was set up before era Christian in Mesopotamia and gained power after 2000 BC & became empire great

31. Although history China devoid interest last world,... early of is of for of CHINA

32. conquests Mongols, efforts travelers, development commerce, wars proximity last world. of medieval and brought into with of - $ -