0. Dirección de Proyectos Informáticos
Communication

1. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Communication?
No group can exist without communication.
We need:
Share objectives, ideas, …
Have de same point of view. …
An idea, no matter how great, is useless until it is transmitted and understood by others.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

2. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
A woman drives her car
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

3. A men drives his car in the opposite direction.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

4. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
When she past just besides the man said:
- Donkey!!!!!!!
Suddenly the man says:
- Seal!!!!!!!!
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

5. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Each which continuous its road, the man that goes smiling by the answer given, al to rotate in the first curve,…
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

6. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

7. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Moral of the history
“The men never understand what the women mean “
Good, the problem even is worse..
The communication is somewhat complicated
and there are many factors that do it difficult, ...
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

8. Functions of Communication
Control
Formal: Job description, ..
Informal: bad faces if produce too much
Motivation
What to do, feedback
Emotional expression
Show frustration, feelings
Information
To make decisions,..
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

9. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
A Communication Model
The steps between a source and a receiver that results in the transference and understanding of meaning.
We can see an example
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

10. The prior experience and the facts
A model sees the human being as flat tables (boards of wax)
Facts are like hot fluids that travel through these boards, leaving furrows.
The new fluids, even when cold, tend to travel through the prior furrows.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

11. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Exercise
50% of students leave of the classroom
We shown next graphic for 15 seconds.
Then students change.
We show the next graphic.
All students see this graph and tray to say what's that.
try to arrive to a shared vision.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

12. What is shown in the figure?
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

13. What is shown in the figure?
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

14. What is shown in the figure?
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

15. The Communication Process
Source
Message
Receiver
Experience
Channel
Encoding
Signs
Decoding
Feedback
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

16. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Encoding
Converting ideas,… mental message to symbolic form.
abfdsfllkt
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

17. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Message
What is communicated.
abfdsfllkt
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

18. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Channel
The medium through which a communication message travels
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

19. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Decoding
Retranslating a sender’s communication message .
abfdsfllkt
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

20. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Feedback loop
The final link in the communication process; puts the message back into the system as a check against misunderstandings
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

21. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Sources of Distortion
Look at the model and imagine problems that can create distortion.
Encoding, an example…
Channel…
Noise…
Prejudices, knowledge,…
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

22. Communication Apprehension
Undue tension and anxiety about oral communication, written communication or both.
People who refuse speak or write.
This is a problem
Then… self-selection… or…
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

23. Direction of Communication
Downward
Efficacy
Upward
Feedback
Lateral
coordination
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

24. Formal vs. Informal Networks
Communication networks
Channels by which information flows.
Formal networks
Task related communications that follow the authority chain.
Informal networks
The communication grapevine.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

25. Three Common small-group Networks
Chain Wheel All-Channel
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

26. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
The Informal Network
Grapevine
Not controlled by management
Perceived as more believable
Serve self interest
Usually managers transmit it (10%)
Between departments
Different paths
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

27. Nonverbal Communication
Messages conveyed through body movements, the intonations or emphasis we give words, facial expressions, and the physical distance between the sender and receiver.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

28. Nonverbal Communication
Kinesics (study of body motions),
New field, subject of many conjectures.
We send non consciously messages.
Depression, puzzlement, protection, indifference, complicity, impatience, forgetfulness.
Facial expressions .
Physical distances:
Disinterest, intimidate, aggressiveness o sexual interest
Contradiction between messages
I look to my watch  As you know you are really important for me…
Actions often speak louder (and more accurately) than words.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

29. Choice of Communication Channel
Factors:
Anxiety
Channel richness
The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.
Multiple cues, feedback, personal.
Selection criteria depends on…
Routine
Ambiguous
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

30. Hierarchy of channels Richness
Face to face talk
Telephone
Memos, letters
General reports
Nonroutine, ambiguous
Richest
leanest
Routine, clear
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

31. Barriers to Effective Communication
Filtering
A sender’s manipulation of information so that it will be seen more favorably by the receiver.
Selective perception
We interpret what we see and call it reality.
Defensiveness
In front of threatening messages
Language
“The meaning of words are not in the words; they are in us”
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

32. Does we said what we wanted to said?
When a diplomatic says: “Yes”
He wants said “MAYBE”,
When he says: “MAYBE”
He wants said “NO”,
And when says “NO”
Then he isn’t a diplomatic.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

33. When you are the receiver
Too many people take listening skills for granted.
But
Speak words/min.
Comprehend 400 w/min.
Idle time…
Hearing <> listening
Hola
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

34. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Effective listening
Make eye contact.
Exhibit affirmative heads nods and appropriate facial expression.
Avoid distracting actions or gestures.
Ask questions.
Paraphrase.
Avoid interrupting the speaker.
Don’t over talk.
Make smooth transitions between the roles of speaker and listener.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior

35. GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior
Bibliography:
Robbins, Comportamiento Organizativo, Prentice Hall, 1999.
GpiIC-1A Foundations of individual behavior