2. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Observing Cetaceans from Pioneer Seamount SFSU Pacific Oceanography Project Michael Hoffman, Carl Vuosalo, and Roger Bland, Physics and Astronomy Department and RTC Newell Garfield, Geosciences Dept and RTC

3. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 SFSU Pacific Oceanography Project Michael Hoffman, Carl Vuosalo, and Roger Bland, Physics and Astronomy Department and RTC Newell Garfield, Geosciences Dept and RTC 1.History (and Fate) of Pioneer Seamount 2.Looking at the Data 3.Species 4.Results of Blue Whale call measurement. 5.The mystery of the 52 Hz Whale 6.Conclusions Observing Cetaceans from Pioneer Seamount

4. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 PIONEER SEAMOUNT OBSERVATORY Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005

5. MAVERICK’S BREAK

6. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 MISSILE-TRACKING STATION

7. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 MISSILE-TRACKING STATION

8. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 MISSILE-TRACKING STATION THE RON H. BROWN

9. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Acoustic Temperature of Ocean Climate (ATOC) Experiment

10. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 ATOC Acoustic Sources PIONEER SEAMOUNT KAUAI

11. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005

14. Pioneer Seamount 1 MHz BW 4 analog signals @ 1 kHz ea Pillar Point; digitize, buffer data Pac Bell ADSL PMEL NOAA, Newport, Or internet ftp 2 hrs = 63 MB SFSU Archive www.physics.sfsu.edu/ ~seamount The World 20 GB/month How do we get the sound?

15. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Raw Data time 0 pressure 0 0 10 x 3 minutes 1 second

16. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 How do we look at the sound? Spectrograms show us the different tones found in a recording of sound. time 0 15 min frequency 500 Hz 0

17. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Naval Postgraduate School Source Deployments RAFOS Frequency -Swept Sources time 0 15 min frequency 500 Hz 0 broadband (experimental) narrowband

18. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 ?? 0 frequency 500 Hz 0 frequency 500 Hz

19. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Earthquakes

20. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Ship Sounds 1x 10 x

21. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Wind 1x

22. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Animal Sounds dolphinfrequencies too high for PSM 100 Hz to several kHz Pioneer S.M. sensitive up to 450 Hz 2 to 50 kHz

23. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Animal Sounds SCALING: How low can you go? 50 Hz 512 Hz (high C) 10,000 Hz

24. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 10x 1x Can You Name that Whale? time 0 25 min frequency 500 Hz

25. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Humpback Whales 10x 1x Megaptera novaengliea time 0 25 min frequency 500 Hz

26. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 10x Can You Name that Whale? time 0 15 min frequency 500 Hz

27. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Finback Whales 10x Balaenoptera physalus time 0 15 min frequency 500 Hz

28. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Whale Zoo at Pioneer Seamount 10x time 0 15 min frequency 500 Hz

29. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Can You Name This Whale? 10x time 0 15 min frequency 500 Hz

30. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Blue Whale “A” call “B” call 10x Balaenoptera musculus

31. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 The “A” call 1x 10x

32. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 The “B” Call 1x 10x

33. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 “C” Call 10x

34. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 “A-B” Calling Sequence 90Hz 16Hz CCC ABABABABABABABABABABABABABAB

35. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Rapid “B” calling 10x

36. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 “Maaa Ma” 10x

37. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 “D” Calls Identified as Blue Whales calls by: Mark A. Mc Donald, John Calambokidis, Arthur Teranishi and John A. Hildebrand, The Acoustic calls of blue whales off California with gender data, Journ. J Acoustic Soc. of Am 109 (4), April 2001. 1x 10x

38. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Blue Whales Talking?

39. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 10x time 0 15 min frequency 500 Hz

40. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 MATCHED-FILTER DETECTION  Finding Calls Automatically

41. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Finding Calls Automatically: 6,000 detections

42. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Day vs. Nightime Calling 6 pm PST6 am PST Day vs. Night time calling

43. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Seasonal Variability

44. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Curve fitting with linear chirp

45. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Frequency and Slope Results: 16.01Hz with 0.1 Hz variation

46. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005

48. How Do they Do it? Graphics from Aroyan, McDonald, Webb, Hildebrand, Clark, Laitman and Reidenberg, “Acoustic Models of Sound Production and Propagation,” in Hearing by Whales and Dolphins, ed. Au, Popper and Fay (Springer,2000) p. 409-469.

49. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Time between calls: all “B” calls “A-B” calling: T=128 sec  =8 sec “B-only” calling: T=50 sec  =3 sec T AAABBB

50. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Watkins et al: the “52 Hz whale. Twelve years of tracking 52-Hz whale calls from a unique source in the North Pacific Watkins, Daher, George and Rodriguez (Woods Hole), Deep-Sea Research I 51 (2004) 1889

51. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005

52. 52 Hz (n=3) 69 Hz (n=4) 17 Hz (n=1) 35 Hz (n=2) 87 Hz (n=5)

53. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 52 Hz (n=3) 69 Hz (n=4) 17 Hz (n=1) 35 Hz (n=2) 87 Hz (n=5) 11 sec 18 sec 11 sec 17 sec

54. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Rapid “B” calling

55. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Rapid “B” calling 48.6 Hz (n=3) 64 Hz (n=3) 80 Hz (n=3) 32 Hz (n=3) 16 Hz (n=3) 48.1 sec 47.3 sec 48.1 sec 48.2 sec 48.5 sec 48.2 sec 47.3 sec 47.3 sec

56. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 The Three “B” Calls

57. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Watkins et al: the “52 Hz whale. Tracks of cetaceous perigrinations You are here.

58. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Pioneer Seamount, Oct. 11 Start Aug. 22 2001 Aug. 30 Oct. 23 Dec. 7 Jan. 13

59. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Conclusions We see a lot of interesting Blue Whale behavior just by listening. Blue Whales are better at singing than humans. (perfect pitch) They have very precise timing. We still know almost nothing about the role of these sounds in their lives.

60. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Speculations/Questions The Whales seem to match their pitch to each other. Is the pitch set by some social-hierarchy? This frequency may be getting lower due to the population aging. (Whaling was outlawed in the ~1930’s so these are baby boomer Whales.) Whale society may not yet be ready for Finn-Blue intermarriage. What do you think? E=Mc^2

61. Talk at American Cetacean Society, April 6, 2005 Thanks! This work would not have been possible without the help and guidance of the following people : The Whales. The American Cetacean Society- SF Bay esp. Doreen Moser Jim Mercer and University of Washington group. Chris Fox, Dave Mellinger and Sharon Nieukirk at PMEL Ching Sang-Chiu at the Naval Post-Graduate School, Monterey Mark McDonald The Physics and Astronomy Department and the Romberg Tiburon Center, San Francisco State University. Roger Bland at San Francisco State University. AND ALL OF YOU !!AND ALL OF YOU !!