1. Describing Consonants
Aspects of Articulation
Voicing
Place of articulation
Manner of articulation

2. Manner of Articulation
Stop [t]
Fricative [ʃ]
Affricate [ʧ]
Nasal [n]
Liquid [ɹ]
Glide [j]
Flap [ſ]

3. Voicing What is happening at the LARYNX?
Vocal folds spread apart = voiceless
Close together and vibrating = voiced
Front
Vocal folds Glottis
Back

4. voiced voiceless

5. Voiced  Voiceless
[p][b]
[ɵ][ð]
[k][g]
[s][z]

7. Place of Articulation Bilabial [p] (pit, tip, spit)
[b] (ball, globe, amble)
[m] (moose, lamb, ample)
[w] (with, mow, queen)
[w̥ ] (which, what, where, why)

8. Labiodental Interdental [f] (foot, laugh, coffee)
[v] (vest, dove, gravel)
Interdental
[ɵ] (through, teeth, ether)
[ð] (their, mother, either)

9. Alveolar [t] (tag, stick, backed) [d] (dip, card, loved)
[s] (soap, cats, descent)
[z] (zip, roads, Xerox)
[n] (know, snow, winter)
[l] (leaf, feel, alight)
[ɹ] (rabbit, here, around)
[ſ] (butter, madder, matter)

10. Palatal [ʃ] (shy, mission, ash) [ʒ] (measure, vision)
[ʧ] (choke, match, feature)
[ʤ] (joke, region, judge)
[j] (you, feud, beautiful)

11. Velar Glottal [k] (character, exceed, pack) [g] (guard, longer, dig)
[ŋ] (lung, finger, think)
Glottal
[ʔ] (uh-oh, hatrack, Batman)
[h] (who, hat, whole)

12. Natural Class Nasal consonants [m, n, ŋ] Affricates [ʧ, ʤ]
Voiceless Stops
[p, t, k, ʔ]
Voiced Stops
[b, d, g, m, n, ŋ]

13. Natural Class Front Vowels [i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ] Central Vowels [ə, ʌ]
Back Vowels
[u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɑ]
Tense Vowels
[i, u, o, e]