1. ROCK GLACIERS, EMMA, NITRATE, MICROBES Mark Williams and others 2006 and 2007

4. DROUGHT CONDITIONS

5. SURFACE TEMPS: RG5

6. SOLUTE CHEMISTRY

7. MULTI-YEAR

8.  18 O: large changes

9. Local Meteoric Water Line No evaporation Melt- Freeze Cycles

10. POTENTIAL END-MEMBERS

12. PCA ANALYSIS

13. FLOWPATHS

14. Model Validation

16. NITRATE AND MICROBES

17. NUTRIENTS

18. RG5: MULTIYEAR

19. SYNOPTIC COMPARISON

20. N SOURCES USING EMMA

21. FLUORESENCE PROPERTIES

22. MICROBIAL SIGNATURE?

23. The Internal Structure and Hydrologic Flowpaths of the Green Lake 5 Rock Glacier, Colorado Front Range, USA Leopold M, Williams MW, Caine N, V oe lkel J, Dethier D (in press)

24. Here we evaluate the conceptual model of RG5 by Williams et al. (2006) using geophysical techniques. We develop an independent model of the structure of the same rock glacier that Williams et al studied using three separate geophysical techniques: –shallow seismic refraction (SSR); –ground penetrating radar (GPR); and –electric resistivity tomography (ERT). In a second step we compare the two different models and discuss the consequences for future hydrological studies.

26. Image of RG5-GPR-1 after application of the filter sequence and topography correction in the upper part and an outline of the most prominent reflections at the lower part of the figure. Note the prominent reflection of the valley floor contact at the base of the 50 MHz-GPR image. TWT = two way travel time.

27. Inversion results of ERT-images at RG5 with RG5-ERT-1 (a) and RG5-ERT-2 (b). RG5-ERT-3 (c) and RG5-ERT-4 (d) are lines that were surveyed in front of the lobe. Note the different resistance classification for the same color pattern in all images! Red is ice White is an air pocket

29. Chemistry works!