1. AT91SAM7L Technical Overview

2. Outlines
Introduction
Power Supply Considerations
Clock Considerations
Supply Controller
Peripherals
Memory Mapping / Boot
AT91SAM7L-EK
AT91SAM7L-STK

3. AT91SAM7L Introduction

4. Low-Power Applications
Static and dynamic power consumption lowered to a minimum
Performance scaling allows consuming only when required
Backup while entering sleep modes
Reduced number of external devices simplifies the designs
In many low-power applications, operating from 1.8V to 3.6V, the MCU is in sleep mode for the majority of the time, waking up periodically to an event

5. Low-Power Applications
Need an MCU with
Short wake-up time to guarantee fast response time to events
Flexible clock management
Increased number of low power modes
Segment LCD is often expected as User Interface

6. AT91SAM7L Featured for Low Power
Enable portable devices to derive power from a dual-cell battery providing a true dual-cell battery system solution
Capable of operating down to 1.8V
Use innovative design techniques
To deliver a typical OFF-mode current of 100nA and a typical WAIT-mode current of 9µA
To enable integration resulting in fewer external components and reduced BOM cost
To Wake-up from its low power WAIT-mode with the CPU operating at 2MHz within just 6µs
To save battery life in active mode thanks to power-efficient architecture ACTIVE-mode current as low as 0.5mA/MHz

7. AT91SAM7L provides longer battery life and lower overall system cost in dual-cell modes!

8. Innovative Design Techniques
Sub 0.18µm technology for high performance and low dynamic power consumption
Power switching
Voltage scaling
Clock switching
Cell libraries, Zero POR, BOD and Voltage Regulator designed for minimum leakage current

9. AT91SAM7L Applications
Well-suited for products powered by user-replaceable batteries such as:
Calculator/translator
ZigBee and Wireless modules
Medical/Healthcare/Fitness
Remote Control
Toys
Audio players
PDA, GPS,voice recorders
Watches
Sensors
PC Wireless peripherals
House control
Mobile Accessories

10. AT91SAM7L Block Diagram Segment LCD Controller 40 segments X ARM7TDMI
Microcontrollers
AT91SAM7L64
AT91SAM7L128
JTAG
Boundary Scan
System Peripherals
Segment
LCD
Controller 40
segments X 10
Terminals
ARM7TDMI
JTAG ICE
AIC
1.8V
Voltage
Regulator
PIOA/B/C
DBGU
PDC
SRAM
2KB (Backup)
4KB (Core)
Flash
64-128kB
ROM
Package
LCD
Voltage
Regulator
QFP128
WDT
IAP
BGA144
PIT
FFPI
RC OSC
2MHz
SAM-BA Boot
Key Features
LCD
Charge
Pump
PCK-MCK 37MHz
PLL
Single Supply
AMBA System Bus
PMC
Power On Reset
Backup Unit
Dual Internal RC
BOD
RTC
Peripheral Bridge
Peripheral DMA
Controller: 11 channels
Programmable
Brownout
POR
APB
RC OSC
32kHz
I/O 1.8V or 3.3V
RSTC
Security Bit
Supply
Contr
XTAL
32kHz
User Peripherals
ADC x4
PDC
PWM x4
I/O
x80
16-bit
Timer x3
USART
PDC
SPI
PDC
TWI
PDC
USART
PDC

11. AT91SAM7L Performance Low power design with the right performance
Maximum operating frequency
Industrial worst case, 3.0V: 37 MHz
Industrial worst case, 1.8V: 30 MHz
128-bit Flash Access
Single cycle random Flash access up to 17MHz
Zero wait state Flash in sequential accesses
Page Programming time 4.6ms max (auto-erase included)
Peripheral DMA controller unlocks processor performance for the application

12. AT91SAM7L Power Supply Considerations

13. Power Supplies Seven types of power supply pins VDDIO1 pin VDDOUT pin
Main regulator Input, Power all the PIOC I/O lines: 1.8V-3.6V
VDDOUT pin
Main regulator Output: 1.35V-1.8V
VDDCORE pin
Power the logic, the PLL, the Fast RC Osc, ADC and Flash: 1.35V-1.8V
VDDLCD pin
LCD regulator Input. Voltage ranges 2.5V-3.6V.
VDDIO2 pin
LCD regulator output. Power LCD and PIOA and PIOB I/O lines
VDDINLCD pin
Charge pump Input: 1.8V-3.6V
VDD3V6 pin
Charge pump Output: 3.6V

14. Single Power Supply System
Directly powered from batteries
Usage of the embedded charge pump and LCD voltage regulator

15. LCD Voltage Regulator Externally Supplied
Saving Charge Pump power consumption
250µA on VDDINLCD and 50µA on VDDIO1

16. LCD Driver Externally Supplied
Saving Charge Pump and LCD Voltage Regulator power consumption
250µA on VDDINLCD and 50µA on VDDIO1
30µA on VDDLCD

17. LCD Not Used
VDDLCD must be powered due to design constraint

18. Main Voltage regulator
Features 3 different operating modes:
Normal mode: less than 30 µA static and draws 60 mA
Deep mode: less than 8.5 µA static and draw up to 1 mA
Shutdown mode: less than 1 µA
Caution: VDDCORE cannot be powered by an external voltage regulator is not allowed whereas it was possible in previous SAM7 devices
Programmable Ouput Voltage
In Deep and Normal modes only
4 steps from 1.55V to 1.80V
Reading the Flash at 1.55V
MCK maximum frequency is 25 MHz
1.8V to
3.6V
1.55V to
1.8V
Scalable
Voltage
Regulator
DEEP
SHDW
VRVDD

19. Reset Controller
Zero-power Power-On Reset allows Supply Controller to start properly
POR threshold voltage rising is 2.2V on VDDIO1
POR threshold voltage falling is 1.8V on VDDIO1
Need a voltage battery higher than 2.2V at start up
NRSTB is an ASYNCHRONOUS Reset pin
Active in all power modes
Acts exactly as the zero-power power-on reset
When asserted low, the supply controller is reset and the system parts are powered off

20. Brown Out Detector Monitors VDDIO1 Programmable threshold
Disabled by default (to be enabled by software)
Programmable threshold
From 1.9V to 3.4V with 100mV steps
Generate either a Reset of the core or a wake-up of the core power supply
“Switched” mode:
Periodic checks of VDDIO1 reduce BOD current consumption down to 2µA
Every 32, 256 or 2048 SLCK periods

21. AT91SAM7L Clock Considerations

22. Saving Power with Clock Flexibility
Many designers equate low power to slow clock frequencies
However depending on what the MCU is doing and what low power mode are available on the MCU, running at maximum speed can actually save power
Need an MCU with flexible clocks!

23. Clock Sources Slow Clock – SLCK Main Clock – MAINCK PLL Clock – PLLCK
On-chip 32KHz RC oscillator (20KHz-44KHz)
Xtal 32KHz oscillator featuring bypass mode
Selection is made through XTALSEL bit in SUPC_CR
Main Clock – MAINCK
On-chip 2MHz RC oscillator (1.35MHz-2.65MHz)
External clock on CLKIN pin up to 32MHz
Selection is made through MCKSEL bit in CKGR_MOR
PLL Clock – PLLCK
Input frequency: SLCK
Output frequency: 18 to 47MHz
PLL fast startup to reach 70% of its target frequency in less than 60µs

24. Reset State
On-chip 32KHz RC oscillator is enabled and selected as being SLCK
Xtal 32KHz oscillator is powered and disabled
On-chip 2MHz RC oscillator is enabled and selected as being MAINCK
PLL is disabled
The Processor and the Master Clock selection is the on-chip 2MHz RC oscillator

25. Clock Management Diagram
In: SLCK (32KHz)
Out: 18MHz - 47MHz
IDLE mode support
Select the master clock
CSS
PLLRC external filter
CPU
On/Off
PCK
PLLCK
PLL
20-44kHz
On-Chip 32KHz RC Osc.
PCK max 37MHz
XTALSEL
Prescaler
1..64 Step: power of 2
MCK
SLCK
Periph Clk On/Off
Crystal 32KHz or Ext clock on XIN
XIN
XOUT
Crystal Osc.
Peripherals
CLOCKS
Ext 44KHz max
MCK_SEL
Ext. Clk up to 32MHz
CLKIN
MAINCK
On-Chip 2MHz RC Osc.
PLLCK
SLCK
Prescaler
1..64 Step: power of 2
pck[0:2]
MAINCK
Programmable clock

26. Clock Management Diagram
In: SLCK (32KHz)
Out: 18MHz - 47MHz
IDLE mode support
Select the master clock
CSS
PLLRC external filter
CPU
On/Off
PCK
PLLCK
PLL
20-44kHz
On-Chip 32KHz RC Osc.
PCK max 37MHz
XTALSEL
At Reset
Prescaler
1..64 Step: power of 2
MCK
SLCK
Periph Clk On/Off
Crystal 32KHz or Ext clock on XIN
XIN
XOUT
Crystal Osc.
Peripherals
CLOCKS
Ext 44KHz max
At Reset
MCK_SEL
Ext. Clk up to 37MHz
CLKIN
MAINCK
On-Chip 2MHz RC Osc.
PLLCK
SLCK
Prescaler
1..64 Step: power of 2
pck[0:2]
MAINCK
Programmable clock

27. What about accuracy?
Both on-chip RC oscillators do not provide good accuracy
On-chip 32KHz RC oscillator (20KHz-44KHz)
On-chip 2MHz RC oscillator (1.35MHz-2.65MHz)
For applications requiring better accuracy
Xtal 32KHz oscillator or external 32KHz clock signal
External clock signal on XIN
Auto calibration by software using an external signal
DBGU in SAM-BA Boot

28. Voltage Regulator + 1 SLCK cycle Power-on to First-Instruction
Startup Time – OFF MODE
Power-On
&
Low level on FWUP
First Instruction
Fetched
30 SLCK cycles
1ms max.
430µs max.
2 MAINCK cycles
1µs max.
800µs max.
POR
Startup
Voltage Regulator + 1 SLCK cycle
FWUP
Debouncing
CPU
Startup
2,2ms max.
Power-on to First-Instruction

29. Wake-up Time – Backup MODE
Sources
First Instruction
Fetched
430µs max.
5µs max.
2 MAINCK cycles
1µs max.
Voltage Regulator + 1 SLCK cycle
2MHz RC
Startup
CPU
Startup
440µs max.

30. Wake-up Time – Wait MODE
Sources
Next Instruction
Fetched
5µs max.
2 MAINCK cycles
1µs max.
2MHz RC
Startup
CPU
Startup
Voltage Regulator
in deep or
normal mode
Voltage Regulator
in deep or
normal mode
6µs max.

31. What’s new?
First SAM7 device with Xtal 32KHz oscillator including bypass mode support
Fast on-chip 2MHz RC oscillator
After reset, the Main Clock derives from the on-chip 2MHz RC oscillator

32. AT91SAM7L Supply Controller

33. Remove power from the chip?
MCU's are moving into smaller geometries to reduce die size, which results in transistors that cannot tolerate direct application of 3 or more volts. So, voltage regulators are used to drop the voltage to the internal logic
Unfortunately, these regulators add to the MCU's current draw.
Removing power requires a more expensive toggle switch to disable power-up to the chip

34. AT91SAM7L Power Control Power switching Voltage scaling PIOC
1.8V to 3.6V
VDDIO1
VDDIO1
Power
Supply
Controller
PIOC
32kHz
RC Osc
SRAM 2KB(backup)
32kHz
Crystal
Osc
RTC
POR
BOD
PIOA / PIOB
VDDIO2
Charge Pump
VDD3V6
VDDLCD
VDDOUT
VDDCORE
VDDIO2
VDDINLCD
VDDIO1
LCD Regulator
LCD Controller
ARM7TDMI
Memory Controller
SRAM 4KB
Peripherals
Fast RC Osc
Scalable
Main Voltage
Regulator
FLASH
VDDCORE

35. Low Power Modes OFF Mode Backup Mode Wait Mode Idle Mode
Power consumption 100nA typ
Real OFF-mode
Use of a push button instead of a regular switch
Tie FWUP pin low when OFF mode is not used
Backup Mode
Power consumption 3µA typ
Backup SRAM and RTC are optional in this mode
Various wake-up sources
Wait Mode
Power consumption 9 µA typ
Fast wake-up time of 6µs (maximum)
Wake-up from where the code has been stopped
Idle Mode
Same mode as all SAM7 components: PCK is Off
Wake-up by interrupt

36. 100 nA typ OFF Mode (Entry State) Wait Mode Backup Mode Idle Mode
Wake-up 5ms
Sleep 60µs
Active Mode
VReg out = 1.8V
PMC out = 2MHz
Processor clock on
Backup SRAM ON
Wake up
> 1ms
Wake-up
6µs
Wake-up
500µs
Sleep
2µs
Sleep
60µs
Wait Mode
VReg out = 1.35V
PMC out = 0Hz
Backup SRAM ON
RTC ON
LCD OFF
Flash OFF
Backup Mode
VReg OFF
PMC OFF
Backup SRAM ON
RTC ON
LCD OFF
Idle Mode
VReg out = 1.35V
PMC out = 500Hz
Processor clock off
Backup SRAM ON
RTC ON
LCD OFF
9 µA typ
3µA typ
13 µA typ

37. AT91SAM7L Peripherals

38. Wide range of on-chip peripherals
SPI, USART, I²C, Timer Counters, PWM, I/Os, RTC, ADC and Segment LCD Controller
No USB Device Port
No SSC (I2S)
No High-current drive pads (16mA)

39. SLCD Controller Up to 40 segments and 10 Commons
Support Static, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/7, 1/8, 1/9 & 1/10 duty
Support Static, 1/2, 1/3 and 1/4 bias
LCD regulator Output Voltage (Contrast) Software Selectable between 2.4 and 3.4V (16 steps)
Flexible selection of frame frequency (from Slow Clock)
Display Data Latch (Full freedom in Memory Register update)
Not needed Segment and Common pins can be used as I/Os
Programmable Buffer Driving Time (Up to 100% of the time)

40. Continuously clocked by SLCK
Real Time Clock
Continuously clocked by SLCK
Complete time-of-day clock with alarm and a two-hundred-year Gregorian calendar
Time and calendar values are coded in binary-coded decimal (BCD) format
Time format can be 24-hour mode or 12-hour mode with an AM/PM indicator
Five programmable alarm fields: month, date, hours, minutes and seconds

41. I/Os 80 IOs : PIOA, PIOB and PIOC Schmitt triggers on all inputs
IOs are not 5V tolerant
Maximum frequency
PIOC : (max)
PIOA, PIOB : (max)
PIOC5 to PIOC8 drive 4mA
All other I/Os drive 2mA

42. AT91SAM7L Memory Mapping / Boot

43. Memory Mapping
Common peripherals between SAM7S/X/SE and SAM7L have same user interface addresses
The split 6 Kbytes of SRAM (4KB Core + 2KB Backup) are seen contiguously at 0x002F F000 0x
SRAM Core 4KB
1MB
0x002F FFFF 0x
SRAM Backup 2KB
1MB
0x003F FFFF

44. BootROM Memory Contains 3 applications: No external Crystal needed
SAM-BA Boot
Provides In-System Programming Solutions through serial communication channels
Fast Flash Programming Interface (FFPI)
Provides Production Programming Solutions using gang programmers
IAP Function: In Application Programming
Function located in ROM, that can be called by any software application
Executed from ROM, allows FLASH programming by code running in FLASH
Takes one argument in parameter : the command to be sent to the EFC
Send the desired FLASH command to the EFC and waits for the FLASH to be ready
No external Crystal needed

45. Boot Solutions
GPNVM1 = 0
GPNVM1 = 1
ROM mapped by default

46. Boot Solutions TST = 1 PC0=PC1=1 FFPI Boot From ROM SAM-BA BootNo
TST = 1
Yes
PC0=PC1=1
FFPI
Boot From ROM
SAM-BA Boot
Security Bit
Must Be Cleared
Power Up
GPNVM1 = 1
User Application
Boot From Flash

47. Clear GPNVM1 to boot from
Boot Solutions
Yes
GPNVM1 = 1 No
Boot From FLASH:
Boot From ROM:
0x0010_0000
0x0000_0000
(and 0x0040_0000)
SAM-BA Boot
0x0000_0000
(and 0x0010_0000)
0x0040_0000
User Application
Set GPNVM1 to boot from
Flash after reset
By Software
(EFC)
Clear GPNVM1 to boot from
ROM after reset
By Software (EFC) or
ERASE pin
Power Up

48. For seminars and training only!
AT91SAM7L-EK
For seminars and training only!

49. AT91SAM7L-EK One handheld board One 400-segment LCD Display
One 35-key Keyboard (7x5 matrix)
Two AAA battery clip socket
IrDA transceiver
Weather Station (Temperature/Pressure sensor)
SPI DataFlash® SD/MMC Card connector
ZIGBEE expansion connector (optional RZ502 board)
One VCC battery input monitor
One Force Wake-up push button
One Reset push button
Configuration Jumpers

50. AT91SAM7L-EK One docking board 5-Volt DC power supply input
One Yellow Power Supply LED (software controlled)
Two Green User LEDs
One JTAG/ICE interface
One HE10 ADC connector (4 inputs)
Three expansion connectors (PIOA, PIOB, PIOC)

51. Official AT91SAM7L Starter Kit available for customers!
AT91SAM7L-STK
Official AT91SAM7L Starter Kit available for customers!

52. AT91SAM7L-STK Low cost version One 400-segment LCD Display
Two AAA battery clip socket
One JTAG/ICE interface
ZIGBEE expansion connector
One expansion connectors (PIOC)
One Force Wake-up push button
One Reset push button
Four User push buttons

53. AT91SAM7L Key Selling Features
Directly Supplied by batteries
Embeds a 30MIPS processor with a 6KBytes SRAM and a 64KBytes or 128KBytes Flash
2Kbytes Backup SRAM + RTC for a few µA
Offers a wide range of operating modes
Guarantees µsec-range wake-up time
Embeds a wide range of peripherals
SPI, USART, I²C, Timer Counters, PWM, I/Os, ADC
Embeds a 40x10 Segment LCD Controller
On-chip voltage regulator and contrast control
2 packages options
QFP128 or BGA144