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The Rockefeller University and the CDF Collaboration

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1 The Rockefeller University and the CDF Collaboration
Diffractive Structure Functions and Exclusive Production from CDF to LHC Konstantin Goulianos The Rockefeller University and the CDF Collaboration

2 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
Contents Introduction Elastic and total cross sections Soft diffraction Hard diffraction Exclusive Production HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

3 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
p-p Interactions Non-diffractive: Color-exchange Diffractive: Colorless exchange with vacuum quantum numbers rapidity gap POMERON Incident hadrons acquire color and break apart CONFINEMENT Incident hadrons retain their quantum numbers remaining colorless pseudo- DECONFINEMENT Goal: understand the QCD nature of the diffractive exchange HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

4 Diffractive pp Processes
sT=Im fel (t=0) Elastic scattering Total cross section f f OPTICAL THEOREM GAP h h SD DD DPE SDD=SD+DD HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

5 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
CDF Run 1-0 ( ) Elastic, diffractive, and total cross section @ 546 and 1800 GeV Roman Pot Spectrometers CDF-I Roman Pot Detectors Scintillation trigger counters Wire chamber Double-sided silicon strip detector Roman Pots with Trackers up to |h| = 7 HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

6 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
CDF-I Run-IC Run-IA,B beam Forward Detectors BBC <h<5.9 FCAL 2.4<h<4.2 HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

7 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
CDF-II ROMAN POT DETECTORS BEAM SHOWER COUNTERS: Used to reject ND events MINIPLUG CALORIMETER HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

8 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
The CDF HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

9 ELASTIC AND TOTAL CROSS SECTIONS
@ Tevatron: CDF and E710/811  use luminosity independent method  Optical theorem optical theorem Alert: background Ninel yields small sT undetected Ninel yields large sT HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

10 Total Cross Sections: Regge fit
CMG fit: Covolan, Montagna, Goulianos PLB 389 (1995) 176 Born level CDF E710 Simultaneous Regge fit to pp, pp, and Kp x-sections using the eikonal approach to ensure unitarity s  Se e = /  sLHC = 115 mb @14 TeV DL HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

11 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
sT: other approaches eg, M. Block, arXiv:hep-ph/ (2006)  fit data using analyticity constraints M. Block and F. Halzen, Phys. Rev. D 72, Recall CMG Regge fit: 115 mb sT (LHC) = ± 1.2 mb HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

12 sT and r-values from PDG
r = ratio of real/imaginary parts of elastic scattering amplitude at t=0 CDF CDF and E710/811 disagree E710 E811 sT optical theorem Im fel(t=0) dispersion relations Re fel(t=0) CDF & UA4 E811 N. Khuri and A. Martin: measuring r at the LHC tests discreteness of space-time HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

13 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
SOFT DIFFRACTION Key words: renormalization scaling QCD multi-gap HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

14 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
Renormalization Factorization  Pomeron flux Regge theory sSD exceeds sT at Renormalization Pomeron flux integral (re)normalized to unity KG, PLB 358 (1995) 379 HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

15 A Scaling Law in Diffraction
KG&JM, PRD 59 (1999) renormalization 1  Independent of S over 6 orders of magnitude in M2 ! Factorization breaks down so as to ensure M2-scaling! HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

16 The QCD Connection y f y f Total cross section:
power law increase versus s f y ~1/as The exponential rise of sT(Dy’) is due to the increase of wee partons with Dy’ (E. Levin, An Introduction to Pomerons,Preprint DESY ) y f Elastic cross section: forward scattering amplitude HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

17 Single Diffraction in QCD
(KG, hep-ph/ ) t 2 independent variables: color factor Gap probability Renormalization removes the s-dependence SCALING HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

18 Multi-gap Renormalization
(KG, hep-ph/ ) 5 independent variables Gap probability Sub-energy cross section (for regions with particles) color factors Same suppression as for single gap! HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

19 Central and Double Gaps @ CDF
Double Diffraction Dissociation One central gap Double Pomeron Exchange Two forward gaps SDD: Single+Double Diffraction One forward + one central gap HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

20 Central & Double-Gap CDF Results
Differential shapes agree with Regge predictions DD SDD DPE One-gap cross sections are suppressed Two-gap/one-gap ratios are HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

21 Gap Survival Probability
Results similar to predictions by: Gotsman-Levin-Maor Kaidalov-Khoze-Martin-Ryskin Soft color interactions HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

22 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
HARD DIFFRACTION Diffractive fractions Diffractive structure function  factorization breakdown Restoring factorization Q2 dependence t dependence Hard diffraction in QCD h dN/dh JJ, W, b, J/y HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

23 Diffractive Fractions @ CDF
SD/ND ratio at 1800 GeV All ratios ~ 1% ~ uniform suppression ~ FACTORIZATION ! W 1.15 (0.55) JJ 0.75 (0.10) b 0.62 (0.25) J/y 1.45 (0.25) HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

24 Diffractive Structure Function: Breakdown of QCD Factorization
b = momentum fraction of parton in Pomeron The diffractive structure function at the Tevatron is suppressed by a factor of ~10 relative to expectation from pdf’s measured by H1 at HERA Similar suppression factor as in soft diffraction relative to Regge expectations! H1 CDF Using preliminary pdf’s from HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

25 Restoring QCD Factorization
R(SD/ND) R(DPE/SD) DSF from two/one gap: factorization restored! The diffractive structure function measured on the proton side in events with a leading antiproton is NOT suppressed relative to predictions based on DDIS HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

26 Diffractive Structure Function: Q2 dependence
ETjet ~ 100 GeV ! Small Q2 dependence in region 100 < Q2 < 10,000 GeV2 Pomeron evolves as the proton! HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

27 Diffractive Structure Function: t- dependence
Fit ds/dt to a double exponential: No diffraction dips No Q2 dependence in slope from inclusive to Q2~104 GeV2 Same slope over entire region of 0 < Q2 < 4,500 GeV2 across soft and hard diffraction! HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

28 Hard Diffraction in QCD
p deep sea valence quarks valence quarks antiproton Derive diffractive from inclusive PDFs and color factors antiproton x=x proton HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

29 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
EXCLUSIVE PRODUCTION Measure exclusive jj & gg    Calibrate predictions for H production LHC Bialas, Landshoff, Phys.Lett. B 256,540 (1991) Khoze, Martin, Ryskin, Eur. Phys. J. C23, 311 (2002); C25,391 (2002);C26,229 (2002) C. Royon, hep-ph/ B. Cox, A. Pilkington, PRD 72, (2005) OTHER………………………… H KMR: sH(LHC) ~ 3 fb S/B ~ 1 if DM ~ 1 GeV Clean discovery channel Search for exclusive gg 3 candidate events found 1 (+2/-1) predicted from ExHuME MC* background under study * See talk by V. Khoze Search for exclusive dijets: Measure dijet mass fraction Look for signal as Mjj 1 HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

30 Exclusive Dijet Signal
Dijet fraction – all jets b-tagged dijet fraction DIJETS Excess over MC predictions at large dijet mass fraction Exclusive b-jets are suppressed by JZ= 0 selection rule HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

31 RJJ(excl): Data vs MC Shape of excess of events at high Rjj
ExHuME (KMR): gggg process  uses LO pQCD Exclusive DPE (DPEMC)  non-pQCD based on Regge theory Shape of excess of events at high Rjj is well described by both models HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

32 jjexcl: Exclusive Dijet Signal
COMPARISON Inclusive data vs b/c-jet data vs inclusive HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

33 JJexcl : x-section vs ET(min)
Comparison with hadron level predictions HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

34 JJexcl : cross section predictions
ExHuME Hadron-Level Differential Exclusive Dijet Cross Section vs Dijet Mass (dotted/red): Default ExHuME prediction (points): Derived from CDF Run II Preliminary excl. dijet cross sections Statistical and systematic errors are propagated from measured cross section uncertainties using ExHuME Mjj distribution shapes. HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

35 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos
Summary TEVATRON – what we have learnt M2 – scaling Non-suppressed double-gap to single-gap ratios Pomeron: composite object made up from underlying pdf’s subject to color constraints LHC - what to do Elastic and total cross sections & r-value High mass (4 TeV) and multi-gap diffraction Exclusive production (FP420 project)  Reduced bgnd for std Higgs to study properties  Discovery channel for certain Higgs scenarios HERA&LHC, March 2007 Diffraction from CDF to LHC K. Goulianos

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