1. Why do Older Black Adults Reminisce? An Examination of Reminiscence Functions Juliette Shellman, Ph.D., Mukumbi Brown, BSN, RN, Deborah Stone, MS, RN & Karen Addison, LCSW University o f Massachusetts Lowell

2. Background

3. The Modified Reminiscence Functions Scale Washington (2009) – Pilot with RFS and Focus Group Reading level Cultural acceptability Scoring

4. The MRFS Cronbach’s Alpha Principal Component Analysis 39 item, 7 factor scale – Self-regard – Death – Bitterness – Intimacy – Teach-inform – Boredom – Conversation

5. Specific Aims 1)Evaluate the reliability and validity of the Modified Reminiscence Function Scale. 2) Describe the patterns, and functions of reminiscence in community-dwelling older Blacks.

6. Sample and Setting

7. Methods

8. Preliminary Findings Reliability.94 Validity - CFA to be completed

9. Patterns and Functions

10. Implications Nursing Practice Reminiscence Research

11. Future Directions