1. Sound and music in film

2. Sound in the silent period (1895-1927) Lecturers and narrators Traveling dialogue players Production and use of sound effects machines Organ and piano accompaniment Pipe organs with sound effects Specially composed orchestral scores

3. Sound in the silent period (1895-1927)

5. Stages of sound production Recording dialogue, sound effects, and music Foley artists ADR or automatic dialogue replacement Editing Mixing

6. Sound perspective Close vs. distant miking Reverberation Multichannel reproduction in film theaters

7. Stereo reproduction of sound

8. Stereo sound in the film theater Lucasfilm THX Dolby Stereo Recent sound systems Dolby Stereo Dolby Digital Sound DTS or Digital Theater Systems Sony Dynamic Digital Sound

9. Dubbing vs. direct sound With dubbing, or post-synchronization, sound and dialogue is created entirely in the studio. Direct sound is recorded on set. Filmmaker uses only unaltered location sound.

10. Sound space, point of view, and levels of narration Sound off Voice-overs Outside of frame; outside of diegesis Off-screen sound Outside of frame; within diegesis

11. Sound and the story space of the film Extradiegetic sound Music Voice-over or sound-off External diegetic sound Dialogue Sound effects Music in setting Internal diegetic sound Thoughts or inner speech of characters

12. Narrative functions of film music Cultural musical codes Cinematic musical codes emotional “barometers” harmonic development rhythm or pacing formal unity musical themes as motifs