1. Ping and traceroute demonstration Skills: Use Ping and Traceroute and Query the Whois database IT concepts: network transit time, router hops, IP registration database, the Internet as a network of networks, backbone network This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial- Share Alike 3.0 License.

2. Network connection and display characteristics Internet concepts –Applications –Technology (connectivity) –Implications for Individuals Organizations Society Internet skills –Application development –Content creation Text Images Audio Video

3. Ping and traceroute Ping –measure the time for a packet to travel to a remote host and back –The server sends back an acknowledgment when the packet arrives Traceroute –list the router hops between the client host and a remote host. –The IP address and domain name (if there is one) of each router is returned to the client

4. Ping clients Windows comes with a Ping client It has a command line interface, not a graphical user interface It is run from a DOS command line window For more on command line versus graphical user interfaces see: http://bpastudio.csudh.edu/fac/lpress//471/hout/misc/guivcli.htm

5. Open a command line window Start > Run

6. Command line prompt (>) with a blinking cursor DOS is ready for an operating system command or execution of a program – type the command or program name The prompt shows the current directory

7. Ping command line Program name Remote host domain name

8. Ping results 1 3 4 2 1.The command to ping www.pepperdine.edu four timeswww.pepperdine.edu 2.The replies took between 36 and 38 milliseconds 3.No packets were lost 4.The average ping time was 37 milliseconds

9. Prefixes for small quantities PrefixMeaningFraction DeciOne tenth1/10 CentiOne hundredth1/100 MilliOne thousandth1/1,000 MicroOne millionth1/1,000,000 NanoOne billionth1/1,000,000,000 PicoOne trillionth1/1,000,000,000,000 After these prefixes come femto, atto, zepto, and yocto, each 1,000 times smaller than the previous.

10. A windows Ping client

11. Traceroute command line Program name Remote host domain name Note the abbreviated program name tracert – early DOS was limited to 8-character file names.

12. Traceroute results Hop 1: my home LAN router Hops 2-7: Verizon (my ISP) network Hops 8-10: the Yahoo LAN

13. How do I know the IP address 130.81.17.229 and 130.81.14.98 belong to Verizon?

14. Query the Whois database for the owner of 130.81.x.x OrgName: Verizon Internet Services Inc. OrgID: VRIS Address: 1880 Campus Commons Dr City: Reston StateProv: VA PostalCode: 20191 Country: US NetRange: 130.81.0.0 - 130.81.255.255 http://www.dnstools.com

15. A longer route Hop 1: my home LAN router Hops 2-4: Verizon (my ISP) network (a backbone ISP) Hops 5-6: Alternet (a backbone ISP) Hops 7-11: Level 3 (a backbone ISP) Hops 12-14: the Google LAN

16. Request timed out This message indicates that the router security settings keep it from revealing its identity or the router and connection are slow.