1. Ch 6 Cellular Respiration

2. Energy for life ECOSYSTEM Photosynthesis in chloroplasts Glucose Cellular respiration in mitochondria H2OH2O CO 2 O2O2   (for cellular work) ATP Heat energy

3. Breathing vs Cellular Respiration Breathing- gas exchange Cellular respiration- aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules by cells

4. Cellular Respiration Stores energy in ATP C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O2O2 Glucose Oxygen 6 CO 2 Carbon dioxide + 6 H2OH2O Water + ATPs Energy

5. Cell Respiration

6. Redox Oxidation- loss of e- Reduction- addition of e- Loss of hydrogen atoms (oxidation) 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Energy Gain of hydrogen atoms (reduction) (ATP) C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2

7. Glucose Oxidation Dehydrogenase NAD + 2 H + + 2 e – Oxidation Dehydrogenase Reduction NAD + + 2 H NADH+H+H+ (carries 2 electrons)

8. ETC Electron Transport Chain ATP NAD + NADH H+H+ H+H+ 2e – Electron transport chain Controlled release of energy for synthesis of ATP + O2O2 H2OH2O 1212

9. Cell Respiration

10. Glycolysis Splits sugar Breaks Glucose into 2 three C sugars Yields 2 pyruvate molecules – Net gain of +2 ATP Glucose NAD + + 2 2 ADP NADH2 P2 2 ATP 2 + H+H+ 2 Pyruvate

11. Glycolysis 2 Pyruvate Substrate-level phosphorylation – Transfer of P from substrate to ADP Energy banked in ATP and NADH  ADP ATP Enzyme Product Enzyme P P P Substrate

12. Formation of Acetyl CoA

13. Krebs Cycle

14. Oxidative Phosphorylation OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

15. Stopping the chain ATP H+H+ O2O2 H2OH2O 1212 H+H+ NAD + NADH FADH 2 FAD PADP + Chemiosmosis + 2 Electron Transport Chain H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ATP synthase DNP H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ Rotenone Cyanide, carbon monoxide Oligomycin DNP

16. ATP yield Cytoplasm Glucose FADH 2 Mitochondrion Maximum per glucose: OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (Electron Transport and Chemiosmosis) CITRIC ACID CYCLE Electron shuttle across membrane 2 NADH 2 2 6 2 (or 2 FADH 2 ) 2 Acetyl CoA GLYCOLYSIS 2 Pyruvate About 38 ATP  about 34 ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation by oxidative phosphorylation  2 ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation  2 ATP

17. Fermentation Glucose NADH NAD + 2 2 2 ADP P ATP 2 NADH 2 NAD + 2 2 ADP P ATP2 2 Pyruvate 2 Lactate GLYCOLYSIS Lactic acid fermentation NADH NAD + 2 2 NADH2 NAD + 2 2 Pyruvate 2 Ethanol Alcohol fermentation Glucose CO 2 2 released  2  2

18. Biosynthesis Cells, tissues, organisms ProteinsFatsCarbohydrates Glucose ATP needed to drive biosynthesis CITRIC ACID CYCLE Acetyl CoA GLUCOSE SYNTHESIS Pyruvate Amino acids GlycerolSugarsFatty acids Amino groups G3P ATP