1. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1 Technology In Action

2. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 2 Technology In Action Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management

3. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 3 Topics System softwareSystem software Operating systems:Operating systems: –Kinds of systems –Common desktop systems –User interaction –Manage the processor –Manage memory

4. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 4 Topics Operating systems:Operating systems: –Manage hardware –Interact with application software –Start the computer –Keep the computer organized Desktop and windows featuresDesktop and windows features Utility programsUtility programs

5. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 5 System Software Operating systems Control computer functions:Control computer functions: –Hardware –Memory –Application programs –System maintenance Provide user interfaceProvide user interface System utilities Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks: –Manage system resources –Improve efficiency –Virus prevention

6. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 6 Operating System Categories Four categories:Four categories: –Real-Time (RTOS) –Single-User, Single-Task –Single-User, Multitask –Multi-user

7. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 7 Real-Time Operating Systems Systems with a specific purpose and a certain resultSystems with a specific purpose and a certain result Uses include:Uses include: –Industrial machines –Robotic equipment –Automobiles –Video game consoles –Home appliances Minimal or no user interaction is required.Minimal or no user interaction is required.

8. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 8 Single-User Operating Systems Single-task systems Perform one task at a timePerform one task at a time PDAs:PDAs: –Pocket PC –Palm OS MS-DOSMS-DOS Multitask systems Perform simultaneous tasks Windows MAC OS Linux

9. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 9 Multi-user Operating Systems Known as network operating systemsKnown as network operating systems Allow access to the computer system by more than one userAllow access to the computer system by more than one user Manage user requestsManage user requests Systems include:Systems include: –UNIX –Novell Netware –Windows Server 2003

10. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 10 Desktop Operating Systems Operating system combined with the processor is known as a platformOperating system combined with the processor is known as a platform –Microsoft Windows / Intel –Apple Macintosh / Motorola Desktop operating systems include:Desktop operating systems include: –Microsoft Windows –MAC OS –UNIX –Linux

11. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 11 Microsoft Windows Market leader – 90% market shareMarket leader – 90% market share Click to view the various Windows systems Windows XP (2001) Offers a new multi-user desktop as well as improved digital media features and Internet capabilities. Windows ME (2000) This upgrade to Windows 95 and Windows 98 includes system backup and multimedia capabilities (such as Media Player). Windows 2000 (2000) This upgrade to Windows NT offers improvements to file security and Internet support. Windows 98 (1998) This upgrade includes additional file protection and incorporates Internet Explorer 4.0, a customizable taskbar, and desktop features Windows 95 (1995) This operating system runs faster and more efficiently, introduces Plug and Play capabilities, long file names, short-cut right-click menus, and a cleaner desktop. Windows NT (1993) Fundamentally different operating system with increased security, power, performance, and multitasking scheduler. Windows 3.x (1990- 1992) First widely used PC graphical user interface (GUI) operating system. Improved point-and-click mouse operations and multitasking capabilities. Windows 2.0 (1987) Includes better graphics capabilities and introduces keyboard shortcuts and the ability to overlap windows. Windows 1.0 (1985) Introduces point-and-click commands with a mouse and includes modest multitasking capabilities and desktop applications.

12. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 12 MAC OS First operating system with point-and-click technology (Graphical User Interface)First operating system with point-and-click technology (Graphical User Interface) Excellent in:Excellent in: –Graphics display –Processing capabilities –System reliability –Document recovery Fewer software applicationsFewer software applications MAC OS X

13. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 13 UNIX Multi-user, multitask operating systemMulti-user, multitask operating system Used primarily with mainframesUsed primarily with mainframes

14. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 14 Linux Open-source operating systemOpen-source operating system Based on UNIXBased on UNIX Stable systemStable system FreeFree May be downloaded through the InternetMay be downloaded through the Internet

15. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 15 What the Operating System Does Provides user interfaceProvides user interface Manages the CPUManages the CPU Manages memoryManages memory Manages hardwareManages hardware Coordinates application software with the CPUCoordinates application software with the CPU

16. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 16 The User Interface Enables you to interact with the computerEnables you to interact with the computer Types of interfaces:Types of interfaces: –Command-driven interface –Menu-driven interface –Graphical user interface Command-line Menu-driven Graphical

17. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 17 Process 4th Process 3rd Process 2nd Process 1st Processor Management Controls the timing of events the processor works onControls the timing of events the processor works on –Interrupts –Interrupt handler –Interrupt table –Stack REQUEST Operatin g System

18. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 18 Memory Management The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and dataThe operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data RAM Operating System

19. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 19 Virtual Memory Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is fullInstructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full –Swap file –Paging –Thrashing Operating System FULL

20. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 20 Hardware Management Device drivers:Device drivers: –Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices –Provided by the manufacturer of the device Plug and Play:Plug and Play: –Hardware and software standard –Facilitates the installation of new hardware

21. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 21 Software Application Coordination Application programming interfaces (APIs):Application programming interfaces (APIs): –Blocks of code contained in the operating system –Coordinates the operating system with software applications Similar toolbars and menusSimilar toolbars and menus –Microsoft Direct X

22. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 22 Starting the Computer The Boot Process Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activatedStep 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated Step 2: A Power-on-self-test (POST) checks attached hardwareStep 2: A Power-on-self-test (POST) checks attached hardware Step 3: The operating system loads into memoryStep 3: The operating system loads into memory Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checkedStep 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked 1 2 3 4

23. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 23 Handling Errors in the Boot Process Non-system disk or disk errorNon-system disk or disk error –Remove the floppy from the drive and press any key POST errorsPOST errors –Single beep: Everything is loading properly –Series of beeps: Hardware problem Safe modeSafe mode –Windows does not boot properly –Uninstall any new devices or software

24. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 24 The Desktop Desktop features:Desktop features: –Shortcut icons –My Documents –Start button –Quick launch –Open programs –Taskbar –System tray –toolbar SHORT CUT ICONS A B C D E G H I _______________ MY DOCUMENTS MY COMPUTER START BUTTON QUICKLAUNCH TASKBAR SYSTEM TRAY TOOLBAR ____________ _________ ___________ _________ F OPEN PROGRAMS _________ Click to view Desktop features

25. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 25 Start Menu A USER NAME ALL PROGRAMS BUTTON SPECIAL FOLDERS SYSTEM AREA HELP MOST FREQUENTLY USED LIST USER LOG OFF SHUT DOWN/RESTART G F E D C B PINNED ITEMS LIST _____________ ___________ _______________ ____________ _______________ Click to view Start menu features

26. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 26 Window A B C D E F G SCROLL BARS STATUS BAR VIEW OPTIONS TOOL BARS MENU BAR TITLE BAR SIZING BUTTONS __________ ______________ ____________ _______________ Click to view Window features

27. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 27 File Management The operating system provides an organizational structure to the computer’s contentsThe operating system provides an organizational structure to the computer’s contents Hierarchical structure of directories:Hierarchical structure of directories: –Drives FoldersFolders  Subfolders »Files

28. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 28 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer –Tiles View

29. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 29 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer –Thumbnail View

30. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 30 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer –Icon View

31. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 31 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer –List View

32. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 32 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Windows ExplorerWindows Explorer –Detail View –Sorted and grouped

33. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 33 Naming Files Filename:Filename: –Name assigned plus filename extension only characters not legal in filenames are: \ ⁄ : * ? " ¦only characters not legal in filenames are: \ ⁄ : * ? " ¦ all others are allowedall others are allowed Bioreport.doc or Bio report.doc

34. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 34 File Name Extensions Filename extensions:Filename extensions: –Used by programs Extension Type of Document Application.doc Word processing document Microsoft Word; Corel Word Perfect.xlsWorkbook Microsoft Excel.ppt PowerPoint presentation Microsoft PowerPoint.mdbDatabase Microsoft Access.bmp Bitmap image Windows.zip Compressed file WinZip.pdf Portable Document Format Adobe Acrobat.htm or.html Web page Hypertext Markup Language

35. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 35 File path File pathFile path –Location of the file C: Tech in Action\TIA Pics\ \My Documents\ dotmatrix.gif Drive Primary folder Secondary folders Filename

36. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 36 Working with Files File management actions:File management actions: –Open –Copy –Move –Rename –Delete Recycle binRecycle bin Saving files

37. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 37 Utility Programs Small application programs that perform special functions:Small application programs that perform special functions: –Manage system resources –Create pleasant environment –Improve efficiency

38. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 38 Display Utilities Change the appearance of:Change the appearance of: –Desktop –Windows colors –Font sizes –Screen savers –Screen resolution

39. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 39 Add or Remove Programs Installation wizardInstallation wizard Uninstall wizard:Uninstall wizard: –Do not delete programs

40. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 40 File Compression Programs Reduce the size of a file:Reduce the size of a file: –Removes redundancies

41. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 41 System Maintenance Utilities Disk cleanupDisk cleanup –Cleans unnecessary files

42. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 42 System Maintenance Utilities Disk defragmenterDisk defragmenter ScanDisk:ScanDisk: –Error checker

43. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 43 System Maintenance Utilities Task managerTask manager

44. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 44 System Restore System Restore:System Restore: –Restores the system settings back to a specific date

45. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 45 System Backup Backup:Backup: –Creates a copy of the hard drive to another storage device Task SchedulerTask Scheduler –Sets a time to run selected utilities automatically

46. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 46 Accessibility Utilities Utility manager:Utility manager: –Magnify screen image –Screen contents narration –On-screen keyboard

47. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 47 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What software is included in system software?What software is included in system software?

48. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 48 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What are the different kinds of operating systems?What are the different kinds of operating systems?

49. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 49 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What are the most common desktop operating systems?What are the most common desktop operating systems?

50. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 50 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system provide user interaction with the computer?How does the operating system provide user interaction with the computer?

51. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 51 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system help manage:How does the operating system help manage: –The processor? –Memory and storage? –Hardware and peripheral devices? –Application software?

52. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 52 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system help the computer start up?How does the operating system help the computer start up?

53. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 53 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What are the main desktop and windows features?What are the main desktop and windows features?

54. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 54 Chapter 5 Summary Questions How does the operating system help keep the computer organized?How does the operating system help keep the computer organized?

55. © 2007 Prentice-Hall, Inc. 55 Chapter 5 Summary Questions What utility programs are included in system software and what do they do?What utility programs are included in system software and what do they do?