1. Cyclic Voltammetry

2. Current-Potential-Time Space Reversible System Time

3. Potential waveform: 0 EiEi E A New Waveform

4. For the reversible case have the standard Semi-infinite diffusion conditions plus: Diffusion Condition

5. Solution 1948 Sevick, “Oscillographic Polarography with Periodic Triangular Voltage”, Collection of Czech. Chem. Comm., 13, 349 (1948). Randles, “A Cathode Ray Polarograph”, Faraday Society, 44, 327 (1948).

6. Problem There is no analytical solution to Fick’s second law when the boundary is time dependent. Sevick and Randles solutions was to approximate the integral with a series. While this works for the reversible case, it is not very pragmatic for more complex mechanisms. New Solution: Wait for a high speed computer (IBM main frame -1964- University of Wisconsin at Madison) Nicholson and Shain, “Theory of Stationary Electrode Polarography”, Analytical Chemistry, 36, 706 (1964)

10. Reversible CV Continued

11. Myth: A reversible wave will have a 60mV peak to peak separation. Don’t Miss this Table

12. N&S Diagnostics

13. Two KEY Points 1.Should use all three diagnostics 2.MUST go over three orders in magnitude in scan rate to reliably use a diagnostic! Implication: A single CV scan doesn’t tell you much, don’t over interpret it!

14. The Baseline Issue Nicholson, Anal. Chem. 38, 1406 (1966) Three solutions Guess Record i-t over i-V Nicholson:

15. More On Baselines

16. Hydrazine (N 2 H 4 )Oxidation

17. Bpy  * t 2g eg(*)eg(*) e–e– Bpy  * t 2g e g (  *)

19. An EC Mechanism ClRe(CO) 3 phen in acetonitrile (CH 3 CN) + tetrabutylammonium perchlorate Luong, Nadjo and Wrighton, JACS, 100, 5790 (1978)

20. Charge Transfer Communication