1. 1 Air Source Heat Pump Presentation Andrew Knill Monmouthshire County Council

2. 2 What Made Us Consider Air Source Heat Pumps? Increased Number Of Complaints From Tenants About Their Solid Fuel and Electric Storage Radiators Systems. Sharply Rising Cost Of Oil (Winter 2005)

3. 3 Solid Fuel Complaints Older Tenants: Unable To Carry Coal and Ashes Quite Expensive To Run Home Help Often Required. Younger Tenants: Unable To Control System. High Running Costs. Dirty To Operate. Danger To Children.

4. 4 Electric Storage Radiator Complaints Unable To Control: Too Hot In The Night and The Morning. No Heat Left By The Evening. High Running Costs.

5. 5 Monmouthshire County Council Breakdown of Heating Fuel Types January 2005 Number Of Properties Percentage Gas3045 84 Oil 58 2 Solid Fuel 227 6 Electric 310 9 3640 15%

6. 6 Cae Capel, Great Oak, Near Raglan. Small rural site of 6 two bedroom bungalows heated with modern slim-line electric storage radiators. Properties were built with cavity wall insulation and the loft insulation had recently been upgraded. The windows and doors were single glazed with aluminium frames. Tenants were all old aged pensioners and had been campaigning for an alternative form of heating for a long time. Their main complaint was the existing systems were expensive to run and the radiators ran out of heat by the evening.

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9. 9 The tenants wanted LPG or Oil Heating. The site layout meant that communal LPG or Oil storage tanks would have to be provided as there was insufficient room for individual tanks to be located in the gardens. The tenants request was turned down because of bad previous experiences with communal storage schemes. (mainly metering, fuel contamination and tanks running out of fuel)

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13. 13 After further consultation with the tenants it was agreed to provide them with a wet central heating system with radiators fuelled by Combined Electric Primary Storage Units. The units chosen were the Gledhill Electomate 2000’s The systems were to use Tariff 10 electricity. The tenants were to be set up on the Easy Warm scheme to ensure their fuel bills were capped and affordable.

14. 14 Enquiries were made to the electricity supplier over the capacity of the network in June 2005. It took until October 2005 before a quotation was received. The quotation was for the sum of £7,500 and specified a minimum lead in time of 3 Months as a new transformer would be required in the village. The quotation was immediately withdrawn by the electricity supplier as they claimed they needed more information about the Combined Electric Primary Storage Unit.

15. 15 The Dilemma A major internal refurbishment program was due to commence on the site at the beginning of January 2006. The work was to include kitchen and bathroom refurbishment, new central heating systems and electrical rewiring. It quickly became clear that we would be unable to upgrade the electricity supplies in time. By coincidence we acquired a HeatKing Air Source Heat Pump Brochure which under different circumstances may have been set aside.

16. 16 What caught our eye in the brochure was that even at an external temperature of -10 Deg C the coefficient of performance (COP) of the Heat Pump was 2 !!

17. 17 Cae Capel Bungalows:-Floor Plan

18. 18 Installation Of Air Source Heat Pump Central Heating At Cae Capel, Great Oak Heat Loss And Radiator Selection ROOM NAMEHallLoungeCloaksBathBed 1Bed 2KitchenTOTAL ROOM HEAT LOSS Watts5071887124712106466410415999 Flow Temperature DegC50 Return Temp DegC45 Mean Temp DegC47.5 Room Temp1821182218 21 D T Mean Temp Diff29.526.529.525.529.5 26.5 Correction Factor @ DT0.410.360.410.350.41 0.36 RADIATOR OUTPUT REQ.1,2235,1912992,0552,5671,6022,864 DTCorrection Factor 25DegC0.338 30DegC0.423

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20. 20 Locations Of Heat Pumps Must Be Located Outside Bolted Securely To A Wall Or Concrete Base Consider Effect On Circulation Routes Allow Adequate Room For Air Flow And Maintenance Take Into Consideration Noise From Unit (Provide screening etc. if necessary) Provide Soak away Or Drain For Condensate Avoid Long Pipe Runs (particularly external runs) To The Unit.

21. 21 Clearance For Access and Good Air Flow HeatKing Bwarm8000

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29. 29 Schematic Of Air Source Heatpump At Cae Capel, Great Oak

30. 30 Approved installers, Installer Training All of the Heat Pumps we have installed have been fitted by our own Corgi registered engineers. The training requirements are relatively simple. We ran a 1 day installation training course for our engineers and supervising staff. Our engineers are able to install the units and attend to minor faults but are not able to work on the refrigeration circuit. Any faulty units are swapped over and returned to the manufacturer for repair. The manufacturer has provided us with a spare unit and provides a collection service.

31. 31 Typical Installation Costs Of Air Source Heat Pump Systems (2 Bed Bungalow) Heat pump£3500 Radiators and pipework£1450 Wiring & Controls CH & HW £550 Hot Water Cylinder £750 Builders Work £650 Total£6900

32. 32 Grants Currently there are no grants available for Air Source Heat Pumps. VAT on the cost of the heat Pumps is 5% We have however received a one off grant from the Welsh Assembly Government via the Home Energy Efficiency Scheme (HEES Wales) to extend our trial of Air Source Heat Pumps.

33. 33 Estimated Comparison of Energy Requirements, Cae Capel Type Of System SAP Rating Running Cost * Energy RequirementCO2 £GJKg Electric Storage Radiators and Electric Immersion Heater 6132830.653525 Air Source Heat Pump & Electric Immersion Heater 6728616.691919 Calculated Using SAP 2001 Savings 4213.961605 * Electricity Costs SWALEC 2005

34. 34 Estimated Running Costs Of Air Source Heat Pumps From Actual Meter Readings Annual Electricity Costs Heating and Hot water Actual Electricity Costs Mar 2006-2007 Estimated Non Heating & HW (40% actual) Estimated Heating & Hot water Only ££ £ 338 lowest 135203 600240360 390156234 569228341 725 highest 290435 Average Cost£315

35. 35 Air Source Heat Pump Reliability Fitted a total of 19 units since February 2006 3 Units failed to work on commissioning 1 Unit broke down within 7 days of installation 1 Unit broke down after 8 months running Of the 9 units fitted since last January none have yet broken down, indicating that early reliability problems have been addressed We keep a spare unit in store which can be swapped over in a couple of hours. The faulty unit is then sent back to the manufacturer in Yorkshire for repair

36. 36 Some Of The Advantages Of Air Source Heat Pumps Over Other Systems Heat production is fully controllable Can be used on standard 60A electricity supplies No bulk storage of fuel is required 50-75% of energy produced is renewable * Sealed units mean no specialist knowledge required Operation and Maintenance requirements are very low Long life expectancy typically 20 years+ Low water temperature reduces risk of burning

37. 37 Some Of The Disadvantages Of Air Source Heat Pumps Over Other Systems Installation costs are generally high External units are noisy and require careful sighting Capacity has to be very carefully matched to load Output decreases as external temperature decreases Radiator outputs need to be between 2-3 times greater Unable to heat water and central heating at same time Unable to fully heat hot water (efficiently) System needs to be filled with expensive antifreeze

38. 38 Schematic Diagram Of Central Heating Only Air Source Heat Pump Installation

39. 39 What Is An Air Source Heat Pump ?

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41. 41 Coefficient Of Performance The coefficient of performance of a heat pump is the ratio of energy given out to the electrical energy put in. For a heat pump with a COP of 3 you would expect to get 3KW out for every 1KW you put in. 1 KW would come from electricity and 2KW would come from heat extracted from the air.

42. 42 Coefficient Of Performance Against Ambient Temperature

43. 43 What Is An Air Source Heat Pump ?