1. Zafer Bilen Senior Test Engineer 22 October 2008
FemtoCell Technology
Zafer Bilen
Senior Test Engineer
22 October 2008
FemtoCell TechnologyDepartment:

2. Contents What is Femtocell? What is THE FMC Concept.
How could it be implemented?
History of Femtocell.
Which is the coolest femtocell.
How does it look from behind?
How fast can it go?
Users benefits.
Operators’ benefits.
Things to be addressed?
What Femto World is trying to address.
Which mouse gets the cheese?
Final Thoughts.
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3. What is FemtoCell?
FemtoCell Technology

4. What is FemtoCell
FemtoCell Technology

5. Ratio of the earth’s crust
What is FemtoCell
Ratio of the earth’s crust
and the cooking pan
Radius of the gold atom : 0.13 nm
radius of earth crust : 6376 km
Cooking pan : 35.7 cm
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6. What is Femtocell
A femtocell is a small cellular base station designed for use in residential or small business environments. It connects to the service provider’s network via broadband (such as DSL or cable) and typically supports 2 to 5 mobile phones in a residential setting. A femtocell allows service providers to extend service coverage inside of your home - especially where access would otherwise be limited or unavailable - without the need for expensive cellular towers. It also decreases backhaul costs since it routes your mobile phone traffic through the IP network.    
     A femtocell is sometimes referred to as a “home base station”, “access point base station”, “3G access point”, “small cellular base station” and “personal 2G-3G base station”.
FemtoCell Technology

7. FMC: Fixed Mobile Convergence
What is THE FMC Concept?
FMC: Fixed Mobile Convergence
converge   
verb [I] 1. If lines, roads or paths converge, they move towards the same point where they join or meet: 2 If ideas and opinions converge, they gradually become similar. 3 to come from other places to meet in a particular place: convergence   noun [C or U]
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8. How could it be implemented?
Cellular Base Station (Picocell) Approach
Cellular Base Station (Picocell)
One approach for a femtocell is to use the traditional base station architecture. In this case, the femtocell is a base station, connecting to the core network using a standard interface; for example, a WCDMA Node B connecting to a RNC via a backhaul connection (the Iub). The slight difference to a typical base station deployment is that the backhaul would be carried over broadband ("Iub over IP") which may have quality & security concerns. A more significant drawback of this architecture is that standards based base station controllers are designed to support only a limited number of high-capacity base stations, not large numbers of simple ones. This architecture was previously referred to in the literature as a picocell deployment and is one in which a base station controller is introduced to provide the necessary support to the numerous small pico-head base stations.
[edit] Collapsed Stack
More common architectures collapse some of the network functionality into the base station ("collapsed stack" or "Base Station Router"), not just the base station itself (Node B or BTS) but also the controller (eg RNC) and enable local radio resource control. This would then connect back to the mobile operator core at a higher point eg Iu interface for WCDMA for central authentication and management. This addresses the scalability concerns above, as the resource is located locally. The original Access Point Base Station followed this architecture but also incorporated the core MSC/GSN functions of authentication, control and switching.
[edit] Collapsed Stack with UMA Backhaul
A variant of the above is to use GAN/EGAN Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) standards. In this case, the UMA/GAN client is integrated into the femtocell. UMA/GAN protocol provides the connection to the mobile core, tunneling the Iu protocol. This approach uses UMA/GAN's existing security, transport and device management capabilities.
UMA/GAN is an attractive option for operators to leverage their investment in the UMA Network Controller to support applications beyond femtocells, including dual-mode handsets/WiFi or fixed line VoIP with terminal adapters.
The approach for UMA-based femtocells differs from a dual-mode handset approach where the UMA client is integrated in the device. In the former system the terminal is not affected and the air-interface is still standard - the UMA client is incorporated in the femtocell.
FemtoCell Technology

9. How might it be implemented?
Collapsed Stack Approach
Cellular Base Station (Picocell)
One approach for a femtocell is to use the traditional base station architecture. In this case, the femtocell is a base station, connecting to the core network using a standard interface; for example, a WCDMA Node B connecting to a RNC via a backhaul connection (the Iub). The slight difference to a typical base station deployment is that the backhaul would be carried over broadband ("Iub over IP") which may have quality & security concerns. A more significant drawback of this architecture is that standards based base station controllers are designed to support only a limited number of high-capacity base stations, not large numbers of simple ones. This architecture was previously referred to in the literature as a picocell deployment and is one in which a base station controller is introduced to provide the necessary support to the numerous small pico-head base stations.
[edit] Collapsed Stack
More common architectures collapse some of the network functionality into the base station ("collapsed stack" or "Base Station Router"), not just the base station itself (Node B or BTS) but also the controller (eg RNC) and enable local radio resource control. This would then connect back to the mobile operator core at a higher point eg Iu interface for WCDMA for central authentication and management. This addresses the scalability concerns above, as the resource is located locally. The original Access Point Base Station followed this architecture but also incorporated the core MSC/GSN functions of authentication, control and switching.
[edit] Collapsed Stack with UMA Backhaul
A variant of the above is to use GAN/EGAN Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) standards. In this case, the UMA/GAN client is integrated into the femtocell. UMA/GAN protocol provides the connection to the mobile core, tunneling the Iu protocol. This approach uses UMA/GAN's existing security, transport and device management capabilities.
UMA/GAN is an attractive option for operators to leverage their investment in the UMA Network Controller to support applications beyond femtocells, including dual-mode handsets/WiFi or fixed line VoIP with terminal adapters.
The approach for UMA-based femtocells differs from a dual-mode handset approach where the UMA client is integrated in the device. In the former system the terminal is not affected and the air-interface is still standard - the UMA client is incorporated in the femtocell.
FemtoCell Technology

10. How could it be implemented?
All IP SIP/IMS Approach
IMS : IP Multimedia Subsystem.
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol.
Cellular Base Station (Picocell)
One approach for a femtocell is to use the traditional base station architecture. In this case, the femtocell is a base station, connecting to the core network using a standard interface; for example, a WCDMA Node B connecting to a RNC via a backhaul connection (the Iub). The slight difference to a typical base station deployment is that the backhaul would be carried over broadband ("Iub over IP") which may have quality & security concerns. A more significant drawback of this architecture is that standards based base station controllers are designed to support only a limited number of high-capacity base stations, not large numbers of simple ones. This architecture was previously referred to in the literature as a picocell deployment and is one in which a base station controller is introduced to provide the necessary support to the numerous small pico-head base stations.
[edit] Collapsed Stack
More common architectures collapse some of the network functionality into the base station ("collapsed stack" or "Base Station Router"), not just the base station itself (Node B or BTS) but also the controller (eg RNC) and enable local radio resource control. This would then connect back to the mobile operator core at a higher point eg Iu interface for WCDMA for central authentication and management. This addresses the scalability concerns above, as the resource is located locally. The original Access Point Base Station followed this architecture but also incorporated the core MSC/GSN functions of authentication, control and switching.
[edit] Collapsed Stack with UMA Backhaul
A variant of the above is to use GAN/EGAN Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) standards. In this case, the UMA/GAN client is integrated into the femtocell. UMA/GAN protocol provides the connection to the mobile core, tunneling the Iu protocol. This approach uses UMA/GAN's existing security, transport and device management capabilities.
UMA/GAN is an attractive option for operators to leverage their investment in the UMA Network Controller to support applications beyond femtocells, including dual-mode handsets/WiFi or fixed line VoIP with terminal adapters.
The approach for UMA-based femtocells differs from a dual-mode handset approach where the UMA client is integrated in the device. In the former system the terminal is not affected and the air-interface is still standard - the UMA client is incorporated in the femtocell.
FemtoCell Technology

11. How could it be implemented?
Collapsed Stack with UMA Backhaul Approach
Cellular Base Station (Picocell)
One approach for a femtocell is to use the traditional base station architecture. In this case, the femtocell is a base station, connecting to the core network using a standard interface; for example, a WCDMA Node B connecting to a RNC via a backhaul connection (the Iub). The slight difference to a typical base station deployment is that the backhaul would be carried over broadband ("Iub over IP") which may have quality & security concerns. A more significant drawback of this architecture is that standards based base station controllers are designed to support only a limited number of high-capacity base stations, not large numbers of simple ones. This architecture was previously referred to in the literature as a picocell deployment and is one in which a base station controller is introduced to provide the necessary support to the numerous small pico-head base stations.
[edit] Collapsed Stack
More common architectures collapse some of the network functionality into the base station ("collapsed stack" or "Base Station Router"), not just the base station itself (Node B or BTS) but also the controller (eg RNC) and enable local radio resource control. This would then connect back to the mobile operator core at a higher point eg Iu interface for WCDMA for central authentication and management. This addresses the scalability concerns above, as the resource is located locally. The original Access Point Base Station followed this architecture but also incorporated the core MSC/GSN functions of authentication, control and switching.
[edit] Collapsed Stack with UMA Backhaul
A variant of the above is to use GAN/EGAN Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) standards. In this case, the UMA/GAN client is integrated into the femtocell. UMA/GAN protocol provides the connection to the mobile core, tunneling the Iu protocol. This approach uses UMA/GAN's existing security, transport and device management capabilities.
UMA/GAN is an attractive option for operators to leverage their investment in the UMA Network Controller to support applications beyond femtocells, including dual-mode handsets/WiFi or fixed line VoIP with terminal adapters.
The approach for UMA-based femtocells differs from a dual-mode handset approach where the UMA client is integrated in the device. In the former system the terminal is not affected and the air-interface is still standard - the UMA client is incorporated in the femtocell.
FemtoCell Technology

12. How could it be implemented?
Collapsed Stack with UMA Backhaul Approach
The 3GPP UMA standard, originally defined to enable millions of dual-mode cellular/Wi-Fi mobile handsets to access mobile services over the Internet, can be directly leveraged to address this access network challenge. UMA provides a standard, scalable and cost-effective IP-based access infrastructure that can be leveraged by femtocells in the same manner as it is currently by used by dual-mode handsets and Wi-Fi access points.
 The 3GPP UMA standard, originally defined to enable millions of dual-mode cellular/Wi-Fi mobile handsets to access mobile services over the Internet, can be directly leveraged to address this access network challenge. UMA provides a standard, scalable and cost-effective IP-based access infrastructure that can be leveraged by femtocells in the same manner as it is currently by used by dual-mode handsets and Wi-Fi access points.
FemtoCell Technology

13. How could it be implemented?
Cellular Base Station (Picocell)
One approach for a femtocell is to use the traditional base station architecture. In this case, the femtocell is a base station, connecting to the core network using a standard interface; for example, a WCDMA Node B connecting to a RNC via a backhaul connection (the Iub). The slight difference to a typical base station deployment is that the backhaul would be carried over broadband ("Iub over IP") which may have quality & security concerns. A more significant drawback of this architecture is that standards based base station controllers are designed to support only a limited number of high-capacity base stations, not large numbers of simple ones. This architecture was previously referred to in the literature as a picocell deployment and is one in which a base station controller is introduced to provide the necessary support to the numerous small pico-head base stations.
[edit] Collapsed Stack
More common architectures collapse some of the network functionality into the base station ("collapsed stack" or "Base Station Router"), not just the base station itself (Node B or BTS) but also the controller (eg RNC) and enable local radio resource control. This would then connect back to the mobile operator core at a higher point eg Iu interface for WCDMA for central authentication and management. This addresses the scalability concerns above, as the resource is located locally. The original Access Point Base Station followed this architecture but also incorporated the core MSC/GSN functions of authentication, control and switching.
[edit] Collapsed Stack with UMA Backhaul
A variant of the above is to use GAN/EGAN Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA) standards. In this case, the UMA/GAN client is integrated into the femtocell. UMA/GAN protocol provides the connection to the mobile core, tunneling the Iu protocol. This approach uses UMA/GAN's existing security, transport and device management capabilities.
UMA/GAN is an attractive option for operators to leverage their investment in the UMA Network Controller to support applications beyond femtocells, including dual-mode handsets/WiFi or fixed line VoIP with terminal adapters.
The approach for UMA-based femtocells differs from a dual-mode handset approach where the UMA client is integrated in the device. In the former system the terminal is not affected and the air-interface is still standard - the UMA client is incorporated in the femtocell.
FemtoCell Technology

14. History of FemtoCell According to Wikipedia
In 2002, a group of engineers at Motorola in Swindon, England, started a skunkworks team, called the "AFG", to develop new technologies. Some of their major achievements included the world's smallest full-power UMTS base station, one of the first demonstrations of television to mobile, and the invention and development of the access point base station (ie. Femtocell). The original design was intended to provide a direct equivalent to a WiFi access point, but for mobile cellular (UMTS, CDMA-2000 or WiMAX). The unit contained all the core network elements and did not require a cellular core network, requiring only a data connection to the Internet or WiFi core network.
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15. Which is the coolest FemtoCell.
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16. How does it look form behind?
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17. How fast can it go?
2.5 G
The femtocell will be 2G GSM technology, supporting data services through GPRS and EDGE which typically offer up to 384kbit/s.
3G UMTS HSPA
Femtocells add network capacity and make it possible to deliver 7.2 Mbps and 14.4 Mbps HSDPA data rates to consumers in indoor environments.
Evolved HSPA provides HSPA data rates up to 42 Mbit/s on the downlink and 22 Mbit/s on the uplink with MIMO technologies and higher order modulation.
Hay Systems Limited (HSL) announced development of its own 1800MHz GSM femtocell product. The Scottish GSM network operator was originally an SMS message gateway service and expanded its services to include roaming and core network operations. It has its own licence to operate in the GSM/DECT guard band at 1800MHz for indoor purposes. Several of its systems have been developed inhouse, and are available for re-sale to other operators.
The femtocell will be 2G GSM technology, supporting data services through GPRS and EDGE which typically offer up to 384kbit/s. Initially targeted at 1800MHz spectrum band, future versions could include 900MHz and thus be applicable to niche operators who have bought the spare guard band spectrum, such as that sold recently in the UK.
Availability is expected towards the end of 2008, with some of the development being outsourced to third parties.
Announced in April 2008 that their product roadmap includes adding 3G capability to the device.
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18. How fast can it go? WiMAX 802.16e 3.5GHz 70Mbit/s
WiMAX Quoted speeds only achievable at very short ranges, more practically 10 Mbit/s at 10 km.
LTE Downlink Mbit/s Uplink 86.4 Mbit/s
LTE-Advanced update to offer over 1 Gbit/s speeds.
Hay Systems Limited (HSL) announced development of its own 1800MHz GSM femtocell product. The Scottish GSM network operator was originally an SMS message gateway service and expanded its services to include roaming and core network operations. It has its own licence to operate in the GSM/DECT guard band at 1800MHz for indoor purposes. Several of its systems have been developed inhouse, and are available for re-sale to other operators.
The femtocell will be 2G GSM technology, supporting data services through GPRS and EDGE which typically offer up to 384kbit/s. Initially targeted at 1800MHz spectrum band, future versions could include 900MHz and thus be applicable to niche operators who have bought the spare guard band spectrum, such as that sold recently in the UK.
Availability is expected towards the end of 2008, with some of the development being outsourced to third parties.
Announced in April 2008 that their product roadmap includes adding 3G capability to the device.
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19. Users benefits. Reduced “in home” call charges.
Improved indoor coverage (Base station in your bedroom).
Continued use of current handset.
Reduced battery drain.
Fast/Higher performance 3G services.
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20. Operators’ benefits. Improves coverage. Reduces backhaul traffic.
Provides capacity enhancements.
Reduces churn.
Easy Radio Coverage for rural areas.
Where there is ADSL you can have mobility.
Stimulates 3G usage.
Addresses the fixed mobile convergence market with a highly attractive and efficient solution.
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21. Things to be addressed. Interference. Spectrum. Access control.
Lawful interception.
Equipment location.
Network integration.
Emergency calls.
Quality of service.
Spectrum accuracy.
Handover.
Air Interface.
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22. What Femto World is trying to address.
ABI Research predicts 102 million users worldwide by 2011.
What is the Femtocell Business Model and Deployment Options?
Femtocell Evolotion – How will femtocells evolve alongside 4G technologies such as WiMAX and LTE?
Network Integrations and Scalability Issues – What is the best way to integrate femtocells into the operators network.
Femtocell Provisioning – How is zero touch installation and deployment going to be obtained?
Standards and Regulatory Dimension
Femtocell Security – How will security issues and QoS over backhaul will be solved?
Managing millions of femtocell devices.
Integrated gateways/devices with Wi-Fi
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23. What Femto World is trying to address.
What are the pricing and marketing challenges?
What are the different deployment and what collaborations and partnerships are required to deliver?
Will Femtocell became multi-operator devices or an independent indoor network that users on different network could room to?
Can we achieve the capacity and QoS by using current subscribers’ IP backhaul.
The security architecture for UMA and Femtocells.
Analysis of different forms of attack: SIM cloning, access to UMA without SIM.
Analysis of different fraud scenarios (national usage, international usage).
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24. Which mouse gets the cheese?
The first movers advantage. vs
The second mouse gets the cheese.
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25. The sand rule
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26. Final Thoughts These technologies are brothers and sisters.
The Question is How FemtoCells will evolve along side 4G technologies such as WiMAX LTE.
They will definitely be in our lives.
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27. Appendix FMC : Fixed Mobile Convergence.
HNB : Home Node B (Femtocell).
UMA: Unlicensed Mobile Access.
GAN : Generic Access Network.
RNC : Radio Network Controller.
UNC : UMA Network Controller.
UMTS : Universal Mobile Telecommunications System.
Node B : Picocell.
HSPA : High Speed Packet Access.
HSUPA : High Speed Uplink Packet Access.
HSDPA : High Speed Downlink Packet Access.
Wi-Fi : Wireless Fidelity.
DSL : Digital Subscriber Line.
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28. Appendix IMS : IP Multimedia Subsystem.
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol.
Iub : user voice, data,cell broadcast protocol.
Iuh : extended Iub.
Upi : The Up interface defined in the 3GPP UMA standard is currently being extended to support end-user
devices wishing to communicate to mobile core network in 3G-mode (Iu core interface) in addition to 2.5G-mode
(A/Gb interfaces).
MIMO : Multiple-input multiple- output .
WiMAX : Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WirelessMAN).
3GPP: The 3rd Generation Partnership Project .
LTE : 3GPP Long Term Evolution.
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29. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX
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30. Thank you
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