2. Intelligence Step 3 - Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement One of the defining features of public health nutrition (PHN) practice is its focus on populations or communities rather than individuals. Populations are complex and dynamic, so it is important to not only “know thy community” but also to engage the community in our approach to work. Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement

4. Why Engage Stakeholders? Stakeholders are individuals, groups or organisations who have an interest (or stake) and potential to influence the PHN intervention Understanding who will be affected or concerned by the identified PHN issue  Level of interest and influence in helping develop solutions  Additional support and resources  Potential barriers to change (so can be managed or neutralised) Builds upon community engagement by using these relationships to identify additional stakeholders of relevance to the PHN issue  Includes both the winners and losers, and those involved and excluded from the decision-making processes Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement

5. Stakeholder Analysis Considerations Key preparatory considerations for stakeholder analysis: Understanding the culture and context – understand the culture and context from each stakeholders viewpoint Knowing the level of analysis – level of analysis (local, regional, national, international) influences who is considered as stakeholders Being practical about the extent of analysis – be realistic about the number of stakeholders according to the intervention timeline and scope Identifying the analysis team – analysis can be undertaken by an individual or a team Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement

6. Who is best to engage stakeholders? Stakeholder analysis is usually done by the intervention team behind the scenes, as it involves analysis (sizing up) of key players and identifying partners who will support intervention development and implementation or opponents who will act as barriers to action and change. Its worth the effort to think clearly through this process so that you identify the write stakeholders to work with and those to manage out. Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement

7. Conducting a Stakeholder Analysis A stakeholder analysis involves:  Identification  Engagement  Data Collection The process and duration of identifying, engaging and analysing stakeholders varies according to the level and complexity of the PHN issue and scope of intervention

8. Stakeholder analysis should consider the following: 1.Who does the problem affect? 2.What section of this problem-affected group is most likely to be able to change? 3.Which ones will be resistant to change or difficult to engage 4.Who is in a position to help bring about change to address the problem? 5.Who has a vested interest in maintaining the status quo (no change)? 6.Who wants to see the problem addressed (what community support for change is there and who are these supporters?) 7.What government or organisational jurisdictions or responsibilities are involved or should be involved? Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement

9. Organising Stakeholder Analysis Data There are several ways of categorising stakeholders that can assist reduce subjective biases in analysis:  Stakeholder analysis wheel – categorises and plots stakeholders against the different sectors involved in the PHN issue of interest  Stakeholder analysis grid – categorises and plots stakeholders according to their interests and power in relation to the PHN issue Visual presentations of stakeholders can assist in identifying potential strategic alliances between influential, highly resourced stakeholders

10. Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Peripheral Supportive Involved Core Health-related sector Non- Health services sector Community/grass roots sector Government sector Private sector Core: part of project team Involved: consulted often Supportive: provide some support Peripheral: need to be kept informed Stakeholder analysis wheel

11. Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Stakeholder analysis grid

12. Stakeholder Analysis and Engagement Engaging Stakeholders After identifying those stakeholders most useful and relevant to the PHN intervention the next step is to engage them The most effective and practical approach to engage stakeholder is usually to directly contact and invite them to partner in managing the intervention Core, involved and potentially supportive stakeholders commonly form the Intervention Management/Steering Committee (governance group) and are responsible for:  Sharing the decision-making  Managing risks  Ensuring achievement of deliverables and quality output