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Chem 5395 J. Rusling Fall 2009 Introductory Materials “interfacial properties differ from bulk properties” Phase 1Phase 2
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Colloidal Materials dimensions ~1 nm to 1 m nanoparticles spheres rods proteins DNA TEM of 5 nm AuNPs 2 nm
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(A)(B) Carbon Nanotubes 0.7-2 nm diameter Single wall (SWNT)Multiwall CNT 5-40 nm diameter
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Surfaces of nanoparticles can be derivatized AFM, AuNP on PDDA Antibodies on AuNP surface > 98% coverage of surface with AuNPs
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Molecular aggregates can be particles or present complex interfaces: micelles and microemulsions: Oil Water O/W Bicontinuous Detergent molecule
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Many practical applications of colloids/nanoparticles: sensors, chromatography, electrophoresis membranes, catalysis, water treatment, detergency, ceramics adhesion, aerosols, smog, oil recovery soaps, drugs, paints, lubricants, beer Common Factors: small particles - high surf. Area large molecules - polymers, proteins, DNA Size range between m and approaching atomic scale
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Colloids are classed as: Lyophobic “solvent fearing” in water, hydrophobic Lyophilic “solvent loving” in water, hydrophilic Colloidal suspension (dispersion) has continuous (solvent) And dispersed (particulate) phases Lyophilic dispersions - usually true solutions, e.g. polymer protein solution Lyophobic dispersion - 2 or more phases, see examples
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